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==The Instruments of the Orchestra==

==The Instruments of the Orchestra==

The modern symphony can be divided into four sections, namely the strings, the woodwind, the brass, and the percussion<ref>Bellhouse A. 1968. ''The Symphony Orchestra For Beginners''. p. 7. William Books & Co Limited. Sydney. ISBN 0725700785</ref>. The principal instruments of each section are:

The modern symphony can be divided into four sections, namely the strings, the woodwind, the brass, and the percussion<ref>Bellhouse A. 1968. ''The Symphony Orchestra For Beginners''. p. 7. William Books & Co Limited. Sydney</ref>. The principal instruments of each section are:

===Strings===

===Strings===

::The violin is the most important instrument of the orchestra. The leader of the first violins is called the leader of the orchestra and ranks next in importance to the conductor.

::The violin is the most important instrument of the orchestra. The leader of the first violins is called the leader of the orchestra and ranks next in importance to the conductor.

* Viola

* [[Viola]]

* Cello (or Violoncello)

* [[Cello]] (or Violoncello)

* Double bass

* [[Double bass]]

The string section consists of violins, divided into first and seconds, violas, violoncellos and double basses. Four-part harmony is frequently used in the scoring notation for the string section. The string section can produce the most expressive medium in the whole orchestra - any point of nuance or subtlety is possible, from the softest pianissimo to the most solid forte. Contrasts of tone are also available  by mechanical means, such as -

The string section consists of violins, divided into first and seconds, violas, violoncellos and double basses. Four-part harmony is frequently used in the scoring notation for the string section. The string section can produce the most expressive medium in the whole orchestra - any point of nuance or subtlety is possible, from the softest pianissimo to the most solid forte. Contrasts of tone are also available  by mechanical means, such as -

===Woodwind===

===Woodwind===

* Flute

* [[Flute]]

* Piccolo

* [[Piccolo]]

* Oboe

* [[Oboe]]

* English Horn (or Cor Anglais)

* [[English Horn]] (or Cor Anglais)

* Clarinet

* [[Clarinet]]

* Bass Clarinet

* [[Bass Clarinet]]

* Bassoon

* [[Bassoon]]

* Double Bassoon

* [[Double Bassoon]]

* Saxophone Family

* [[Saxophone Family]]

Woodwind instruments typically play counterpoint to string melodys, and add expression of their own.  A typical modern orchestra will have a piccolo, several flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons, as well as an english horn, a bass clarinet and a contra bassoon.  Woodwind instruments provide a warmer sound to the orchestra.

Woodwind instruments typically play counterpoint to string melodys, and add expression of their own.  A typical modern orchestra will have a piccolo, several flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons, as well as an english horn, a bass clarinet and a contra bassoon.  Woodwind instruments provide a warmer sound to the orchestra.

===Brass===

===Brass===

* Trumpet

* [[Trumpet]]

* French Horn

* [[French Horn]]

* Tenor Trombone

* [[Tenor Trombone]]

* Bass Trombone

* [[Bass Trombone]]

* Tuba

* [[Tuba]]

The brass section of a modern orchestra is composed of horns, trumpets, trombones, and tubas.  The brass section provides much louder, clearer notes and is often used in fanfares and other triumphant portions of compositions.

The brass section of a modern orchestra is composed of horns, trumpets, trombones, and tubas.  The brass section provides much louder, clearer notes and is often used in fanfares and other triumphant portions of compositions.

===Percussion===

===Percussion===

* Timpani

* [[Timpani]]

* Bass Drum

* [[Bass Drum]]

* Side Drum

* [[Side Drum]]

* Cymbals

* [[Cymbals]]

* Triangle

* [[Triangle]]

* Harp

* [[Harp]]

* Xylophone

* [[Xylophone]]

* Glockenspiel

* [[Glockenspiel]]

* Castanets

* [[Castanets]]

* Whip

* [[Whip]]

* Vibraphone

* [[Vibraphone]]

* Celeste

* [[Celeste]]

The percussion section of the orchestra is the most varied, consisting of instruments such as snare and bass drums, timpani, xylophone, cymbals, triangles, and other percussion instruments tailored to the specific orchestral piece being performed.

The percussion section of the orchestra is the most varied, consisting of instruments such as snare and bass drums, timpani, xylophone, cymbals, triangles, and other percussion instruments tailored to the specific orchestral piece being performed.