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→Yellow Journalism: update
Both [[Joseph Pulitzer]] and [[William Randolph Hearst]] are associated with bringing yellow journalism into American society through their newspapers in the later half of the nineteenth century. The prominence of yellow journalism was especially notable in coverage of the Spanish occupation of [[Cuba]] and Pulitzer and Hearst took credit for the [[Spanish American War]] that followed, but historians dispute the claim. Their papers reached only New York City readers, and it was the rest of the country that demanded war in 1898.
Both [[Joseph Pulitzer]] and [[William Randolph Hearst]] are associated with bringing yellow journalism into American society through their newspapers in the later half of the nineteenth century. The prominence of yellow journalism was especially notable in coverage of the Spanish occupation of [[Cuba]] and Pulitzer and Hearst took credit for the [[Spanish American War]] that followed, but historians dispute the claim. Their papers reached only New York City readers, and it was the rest of the country that demanded war in 1898.
==Newspapers in the Internet Age: 1970-2009==
===Rapid decline in circulation===
The circulation of the nation’s daily newspapers plunged during 2006, in one of the sharpest declines in recent history. The slide continues a decades-long trend and adds to the woes of a mature industry already struggling with layoffs and facing the potential sale of some of its flagships. In addition newsstand sales of magazines fell more than 4 percent, to about 48.7 million copies. Among domestic newsweeklies, Time magazine reported the biggest drop. Analysts pointed to the increased use of the Internet, noting that more people in 2006 read the ''New York Times'' online than on paper. Newspaper readership goes up with education, and education levels are rising. That favorable trend is offset by the choice of people in each age group to read fewer papers.
<ref> Katharine Q. Seelye, "Newspaper Circulation Falls Sharply", ''New York Times'' October 31, 2006. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/31/business/media/31paper.html?_r=1&ref=business&oref=slogin online] and Journalism.org ''The State of the News Media 2004'' (2005) online at [http://www.stateofthenewsmedia.org/narrative_newspapers_audience.asp?cat=3&media=2]</ref>
===Corporate turmoil===
After 1950 newspaper readership grew slower than the population. After 1990 the number of readers started to decline. The number of papers also declined, especially as afternoon papers collapsed in the face of television news. However sales of advertising remained strong and profits were still high. In 2002, newspapers reported advertising revenues of $44 billion. According to Morton Research, a market analysis firm, in 2003, the 13 major publicly traded newspaper companies earned an average pretax profit margin of 19 percent.<ref> journalism.org (2005)</ref>
===Spanish and Asian language newspapers===
The Latino Print Network estimated the combined circulation of all Hispanic newspapers in the United States at 16.2 million in 2003. Mainstream (English) daily newspapers owned 46 Hispanic publications—nearly all of them weeklies—that have a combined circulation of 2.9 million. From 1990 to 2000, the number of Hispanic newspapers alone nearly doubled from 355 to 652
In 1976 the ''Miami Herald'' started ''El Herald'', a one-page Spanish insert that was reborn in 1987 as ''El Nuevo Herald'', a daily supplement to the ''Miami Herald''. ''El Nuevo Herald'' became independent of the 'Herald'' in 1998 and by 2003 had an average daily circulation of 90,300.
In 1981, the Gannett chain entered daily Spanish publishing when it bought ''[[El Diario/La Prensa]]'', a 52,000-circulation New York City tabloid that is the nation's oldest Spanish daily.
The Tribune Co., Belo Corp. and [[Knight Ridder]] launched daily Spanish-language papers in 2003. Hispanic-oriented newspapers and magazines generated $1.3 billion in revenue in 2002. By comparison, the operating revenue that year for Knight Ridder's 32 papers was $2.8 billion. Readership remains small, however. New York City already had two Spanish-language dailies with a combined circulation of about 100,000, as well as papers from Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic and a score of weeklies. But Louis Sito said their "circulation levels were very, very minimal when compared to the population size." (New York, population 8 million, is 27 percent Hispanic; the Bronx, 1.3 million, is 48 percent Hispanic.) Sito urged ''Newsday'' publisher Raymond A. Jansen to launch a daily instead of a weekly, and ''Hoy'' premiered on [[November 16]], [[1998]], with a circulation of 25,000. By 2003, ''Hoy'' sold 91,000 copies a day in the New York metro area. The Dallas-Fort Worth market contains 1.3 million Latinos—22 percent of the population and growing (estimated to reach 38 percent by 2006). The ''Dallas Morning News'' developed ''Al Día'' to entice that audience. The Monday-through-Saturday paper debuted in September 2003 with a staff of 50, an initial circulation of 40,000 and a newsstand price of 25 cents. ''Diario La Estrella'' began in 1994 as a dual-language insert of the ''Fort Worth Star-Telegram'' and first grew into an all-Spanish stand-alone paper with a twice-weekly total circulation of 75,000 copies distributed free via newsstands and selective home delivery.
With the notable exception of ''Viet Mercury'', a five-year-old, 35,000-circulation weekly Vietnamese-language paper published by Knight Ridder's ''[[San Jose Mercury News]]'', U.S. media companies have generally eschewed the Asian market even though daily papers in Chinese, Korean or Vietnamese are thriving in New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles and other cities. The Mandarin-language ''World Journal'', which distributes from San Francisco to Toronto and states a circulation (unaudited) of 350,000. ''World Journal''; its biggest competitor, ''Sing Tao'' (181,000 circulation unaudited); and ''Korea Times'' (254,000, also unaudited) are owned by international media giants based in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Seoul, respectively.<ref>Tim Porter, "Dismantling the Language Barrier" ''American Journalism Review'' October/November 2003 [http://spanish.about.com/b/a/031319.htm online]</ref>
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==