Changes

===1932 Los Angeles===

===1932 Los Angeles===

===1936 Berlin===

===1936 Berlin===

The Berlin games were the most controversial (before 1980) because the IOC was determined to promote its brand of internationalism in the face of Nazi mistreatment of Jews and political opponents.  

The Berlin games were the most controversial (before 1980) because the IOC was determined to promote its brand of internationalism in the face of Nazi mistreatment of Jews and political opponents.<ref> Christopher Hilton, ''Hitler's Olympics: The 1936 Berlin Olympic Games'' (2005) 244pp.; Arnd Kruger and William Murray, eds. ''The Nazi Olympics. Sport, Politics and Appeasement in the 1930s,'' (2003) 260pp.</ref>

For the IOC the Berlin Olympics represented its greatest achievement: legitimizing the Games as the world's premier sporting event. The Games were awarded to a democratic Germany in 1931--no one then expected the Nazis would be in charge. It was the first competition that fully reflected the emergence of sports as a mass phenomenon after the World War. Of 59 national Olympic Committees, 53 accepted the invitation to attend and 49 actually attended.  Three million tickets were sold (compared to one million in 1932), with of course many people attending several events.

For the IOC the Berlin Olympics represented its greatest achievement: legitimizing the Games as the world's premier sporting event. The Games were awarded to a democratic Germany in 1931--no one then expected the Nazis would be in charge. It was the first competition that fully reflected the emergence of sports as a mass phenomenon after the World War. Of 59 national Olympic Committees, 53 accepted the invitation to attend and 49 actually attended.  Three million tickets were sold (compared to one million in 1932), with of course many people attending several events.

<ref>Jeremy Schaap, ''Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's Olympics,'' (2007) 272 pp. </ref>

<ref>Jeremy Schaap, ''Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's Olympics,'' (2007) 272 pp. </ref>

At another level there was tension between traditional Christian ideals and Nazi paganism. as the Orthodox Church of Greece criticized the Nazi staging of the Olympic flame ceremonies in 1936. Pagan aspects of the ceremony as well as the worship of the body were linked to contemporary political movements at odds with Christianity, notably Communism and Nazism.<ref> Christopher Hilton, ''Hitler's Olympics: The 1936 Berlin Olympic Games'' (2005) 244pp.; Arnd Kruger and William Murray, eds. ''The Nazi Olympics. Sport, Politics and Appeasement in the 1930s,'' (2003) 260pp.</ref>

At another level there was tension between traditional Christian ideals and Nazi paganism. as the Orthodox Church of Greece criticized the Nazi staging of the Olympic flame ceremonies in 1936. Pagan aspects of the ceremony as well as the worship of the body were linked to contemporary political movements at odds with Christianity, notably Communism and Nazism.

 

===1940 Tokyo===

===1940 Tokyo===

The games were cancelled in 1938 when international tensions leading to [[World War II]] got out of hand.  There never was a plan for a 1944 Olympics.

The games were cancelled in 1938 when international tensions leading to [[World War II]] got out of hand.  There never was a plan for a 1944 Olympics.