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The Americans tried to capture the city in 1775. British Forts Chambly and St. Johns, located southeast of Montreal, fell to a prolonged American siege under General Richard Montgomery that sufficiently delayed and thereby doomed the subsequent American winter siege of Quebec City.
The Americans tried to capture the city in 1775. British Forts Chambly and St. Johns, located southeast of Montreal, fell to a prolonged American siege under General Richard Montgomery that sufficiently delayed and thereby doomed the subsequent American winter siege of Quebec City.
===19th century decline===
===19th century decline===
Quebec City dominated Lower Canada as the seat of government in that province (except for 1844-49) as well as the center of many religious institutions, including the only Canadian Catholic diocese until 1836. In the Catholic Church, it became the center of the Liberal-Ultramontane controversy. The establishment of the national capital at Quebec in 1859 restored the city to dominance, and led to an influx of intellectuals. When Ottawa was made the capital in 1865, Quebec City lost its importance.
During the first half of the 19th century, Quebec City experienced significant economic and demographic growth. Nevertheless, by 1860, a crisis had already set in, one that lasted until the end of the century and was due to the collapse of the city's economic foundations. It was a period of social and economic stagnation for the city, even though it remained the capital of the province of Quebec.
During the first half of the 19th century, Quebec City experienced significant economic and demographic growth. Nevertheless, by 1860, a crisis had already set in, one that lasted until the end of the century and was due to the collapse of the city's economic foundations. It was a period of social and economic stagnation for the city, even though it remained the capital of the province of Quebec.
===World War I===
===World War I===