Changes

In Latin America, where secularization is still limited and Protestant churches have far narrower social bases, Pentecostalism has spread very rapidly. The main force is the rapid urbanization of the continent, in which millions of people have been pushed into urban slums marked by social disarray and a chaotic informal economy. Pentecostalism serves as a healer of maladies and, for women, as a means of reducing the alcoholism and violence of men. The consequences of conversion include the cultivation of habits that increase success in the informal economy, enabling people to survive rather than sink into misery.<ref> See Martin (2001)</ref>  

In Latin America, where secularization is still limited and Protestant churches have far narrower social bases, Pentecostalism has spread very rapidly. The main force is the rapid urbanization of the continent, in which millions of people have been pushed into urban slums marked by social disarray and a chaotic informal economy. Pentecostalism serves as a healer of maladies and, for women, as a means of reducing the alcoholism and violence of men. The consequences of conversion include the cultivation of habits that increase success in the informal economy, enabling people to survive rather than sink into misery.<ref> See Martin (2001)</ref>  

===Africa===

===Africa===

In Africa, Pentecostal churches attract restless young men eager to retain wages earned in the impersonal labor market, migrants eager to link into supportive networks, and women eager to exit from the systems of bridewealth, polygamy, and arbitrary patriarchal power. For all these people Pentecostalism offers a way to break with the elders and the spiritual system that underwrites their power, ancestor sacrifice.<ref> See Martin (2001)</ref>

In Africa, Pentecostal churches attract restless young men eager to retain wages earned in the impersonal [[labor]] [[market]], migrants eager to link into supportive networks, and women eager to exit from the systems of bridewealth, [[polygamy]], and arbitrary patriarchal power. For all these people Pentecostalism offers a way to break with the elders and the spiritual system that underwrites their power, ancestor sacrifice.<ref> See Martin (2001)</ref>

The often combustible interaction of resurgent religion and the developing world's unstable politics constitutes breeding ground for rapid expansion of revival churches. Evangelical churches are gaining ground in unstable political environments. Protestantism is increasingly challenging the Catholic and Presbyterian hegemony in the religious sphere. Established churches are facing stiff opposition or competition from emerging revival churches producing an "adversarial" style of Protestantism.

The often combustible interaction of resurgent religion and the developing world's unstable politics constitutes breeding ground for rapid expansion of revival churches. Evangelical churches are gaining ground in unstable political environments. Protestantism is increasingly challenging the Catholic and Presbyterian hegemony in the religious sphere. Established churches are facing stiff opposition or competition from emerging revival churches producing an "adversarial" style of Protestantism.