Changes

Two other events of the 1790s were significant, though unrelated to President Washington or Congress.  In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which is a mechanical way to separate cotton from its thorny branch and seeds.  The cotton gin enabled a machine to do the work of 50 men, and greatly increased cotton production by the South.  It turned the South into a powerful economic force and made it the primary source of cotton production in the entire world.  By the time of the [[Civil War]], the South thought it was invincible due to its ability to produce cotton ("King Cotton"), and how the entire world depended on the South for this basic ingredient of so many things at the time.

Two other events of the 1790s were significant, though unrelated to President Washington or Congress.  In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which is a mechanical way to separate cotton from its thorny branch and seeds.  The cotton gin enabled a machine to do the work of 50 men, and greatly increased cotton production by the South.  It turned the South into a powerful economic force and made it the primary source of cotton production in the entire world.  By the time of the [[Civil War]], the South thought it was invincible due to its ability to produce cotton ("King Cotton"), and how the entire world depended on the South for this basic ingredient of so many things at the time.

Also in 1793, the new U.S. Supreme Court issued a decision named ''Chisholm v. Georgia''.  It allowed, for the first, a lawsuit to be filed against a state in the new federal courts by a citizen of ''a different'' state.  This outraged the states and was considered an "activist" decision by the Supreme Court, because it subjected a state to the judicial power of the new national government.  Within two years Congress passed and more than 3/4 of the states ratified the [[Eleventh Amendment]] to the Constitution specifically to overturn this decision.  This demonstrated a "check and balance" on Supreme Court power: amend the Constitution to overturn a bad decision.  Including the Bill of Rights, there have been a total of 27 amendments to the Constitution, a few of which were motivated by a desire to overturn a bad Supreme Court decision.  Note that Congress cannot overrule the Supreme Court if it bases its decision in the Constitution itself; and amendment to the Constitution is then the only way to overrule the Supreme Court.

Also in 1793, the new U.S. Supreme Court issued a decision named ''Chisholm v. Georgia''.  It allowed, for the first time, a lawsuit to be filed against a state in the new federal courts by a citizen of ''a different'' state.  This outraged the states and was considered an "activist" decision by the Supreme Court, because it subjected a state to the judicial power of the new national government.  Within two years Congress passed and more than 3/4 of the states ratified the [[Eleventh Amendment]] to the Constitution specifically to overturn this decision.  This demonstrated a "check and balance" on Supreme Court power: amend the Constitution to overturn a bad decision.  Including the Bill of Rights, there have been a total of 27 amendments to the Constitution, a few of which were motivated by a desire to overturn a bad Supreme Court decision.  Note that Congress cannot overrule the Supreme Court if it bases its decision in the Constitution itself; and amendment to the Constitution is then the only way to overrule the Supreme Court.

==The Presidency of John Adams==

==The Presidency of John Adams==