Difference between revisions of "Cheese"

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[[Image:Tillamook Cheese.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Tillamook Colby and Cheddar, American cheeses.]]
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'''Cheese''' is a solidified dairy product. Cheese making starts with the solidification of milk proteins, usually by the addition of [[rennet]] (a mixture of [[enzyme]]s) or an edible acid, which produces [[curds]]. For most types of cheese, the curds are separated from the liquid, the [[whey]], and then [[aging|aged]], sometimes for many years. Salt is also often an ingredient in cheese recipes.
 
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==Sources Used to Make Cheese==
 
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Most cheese is  made from [[cow]]'s [[milk]], although technically, any large [[mammal]]'s milk can be used.  Some common sources of milk for making cheese other than cows include:
 
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*[[Goat]] milk (e.g. Chevre cheese)
 
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*[[Sheep]] milk (e.g. Roquefort)
 
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*[[Yak]] milk.
 
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*[[Buffalo]] milk
 
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==Cheese History==
 
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[[France]] is especially renowned as a cheese producer, and their president [[Charles de Gaulle]] famously said : "How can a country with 300 different kinds of cheese agree on anything?". However, many French cheeses are made from unpasteurized milk and their transport across international borders is therefore forbidden for health reasons owing to potentially toxic bacterium ''listeria''. Physicians recommend that the cheeses should not be consumed by [[pregnancy|pregnant]] women or young children. Certain French cheeses (such as Epoisses) are so smelly to keep up the urban legend that their carriage is banned even on French [[public transport]].
 
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It is most likely that the invention of cheesemaking was a way of preserving excess milk for leaner times.
 
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==Varieties==
 
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There are literally thousands of varieties of cheese made in the world today. The best selection with more than thousand varieties is offered in the Kaufhaus des Westen, Berlin, Germany [http://www.kadewe-berlin.de/kaese_engl.php]. Some well known varieties are:
 
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===Hard cheeses===
 
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*Cheddar (A hard red, yellow or white cheese, originally from the [[England|English]] West country (The Cheddar Gorge), but also now made worldwide in countries including [[Ireland]], [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]], and [[Scotland]])
 
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*Parmesan ([[Italy|Italian]] very hard cheese.)
 
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*Romano (Another [[Italy|Italian]] hard cheese)
 
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*Gouda ([[Netherlands|Dutch]] cheese, with a yellow wax rind.) 
 
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*Monterey Jack ([[America]]n.)
 
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*Mozzarella (A very soft white cheese from [[Italy]], in some places it is still made the traditional way, with buffalo milk.)
 
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*Emmentaler (A [[Switzerland|Swiss]] cheese, characterized by large holes.)
 
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*Gruyère (A flavorful [[Switzerland|Swiss]] cheese which is very dry and hard, somewhat like Parmesan)
 
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*Cheshire (A hard red or white cheese, more crumbly than Cheddar with a salty taste. Made in [[Cheshire]] or North Shropshire.  Mrs Appleby's Cheshire has won international renown.)
 
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===Blue cheeses===
 
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*Blue Stilton ([[England|English]] crumbly blue cheese, a non-blue variety also exists.)
 
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*Roquefort (The [[France|French]] king of blue cheeses, made from sheep's milk in a cave.)
 
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*Cheshire Blue (Mild blue cheese with a salty flavour)
 
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===Soft cheeses===
 
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*Feta (Soft and crumbly [[Greece|Greek]] sheep's or mixture of sheep's and goat's milk cheese)
 
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*Brie (a [[France|French]] soft cheese, not particularly smelly.)
 
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*Camembert (a [[France|French]] soft cheese, fairly smelly.)
 
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*Muenster (a [[France|French]] soft cheese)
 
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*Cottage cheese (a very runny soft curd cheese).
 
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*Cream cheese (a mild soft white cheese)
 
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* Neufchâtel (a [[France|French]] soft and crumbly)
 
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===Synthetic cheeses===
 
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*American or processed cheese, a very mild [[ersatz]] cheddar with a smooth texture, often delivered by unusual methods, such as in cans, as strings, or as a spray. Though considered by many connoisseurs to have an unpleasantly chemical or plasticy taste and no significant texture, its very low cost had lead to its use as a 'generic' cheese for snacks, fast-food, burgers, or any meal in which a cheese is used to enhance another element of a meal rather than form a more significant taste.
 
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==Non-cheese cheeses==
 
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Head cheese, known as brawn in the [[UK]] and by other names in other parts of the world, is made from meat taken from the head of an animal - pigs, calves and cows are used - that might otherwise remain uneaten for aesthetic reasons. It sometimes includes meat from other normally unappetizing areas such as the feet or organs. The meat is chopped or shredded and set in [[gelatine]]. It is usually eaten cold or at room temperature as a luncheon meat. In the southern states of the [[US]] this is sometimes also known as sousemeat and pickled in vinegar.
 
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[[Lemon]] cheese is another name for lemon curd in the [[UK]]. Fruit cheeses are sometimes made with other citrus fruit.
 
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==Cheese in Culture==
 
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In [[England]], the traditional sport of [[cheese-rolling]] remains locally popular. [http://www.cheese-rolling.co.uk/]
 
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[[James McIntyre]], a [[Canadian]] poet, was fond of writing [[poems]] and [[ode]]s to cheese. This is not because he thought the subject was funny, or ironic. Rather, McIntyre saw cheese production in [[Canada]] as a [[symbol]] of the strong growth in the Canadian [[economy]]. Many people today find his works quite humorous, but McIntyre's "[[Ode on the Mammoth Cheese]]" is considered by most poetry [[scholars]] not only his best work, but his ultimate achievement.
 
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The original family name of comedian [[John Cleese]] was Cheese, but was changed to Cleese by his father.  Cleese is famous, of course, for playing the frustrated customer in the Cheese Shop sketch on the ''[[Monty Python|Monty Python's Flying Circus]]'' television show.
 
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Cheese is considered by some as a palliative for various internal diseases.
 
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In the animated series  ''Wallace & Gromit'', cheese plays an important role. Not only is Wensleydale cheese their favorite variety but in ''A Grand Day Out'' they visit the moon because it is made of cheese.
 
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==Cheese Gallery==
 
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<gallery>
 
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Image:Allgauer Bergkäse cheese.jpg|Allgäuer Bergkäse cheese.
 
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Image:Stravecchio Parmesan cheese.jpg|Antigo Stravecchio Parmesan cheese.
 
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Image:Beaufort d'Alpage Cheese.jpg|Beaufort d'Alpage cheese.
 
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Image:Bel Paese Cheese.jpg|Bel Paese cheese.
 
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Image:Cheese.jpg|Blue Stilton cheese.
 
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Image:Brie Cheese.jpg|Brie cheese.
 
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Image:Couronne Brie Cheese.jpg|Couronne Brie cheese.
 
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Image:Dorset Blue Vinny Cheese.jpg|Dorset Blue Vinny cheese
 
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File:The Edam cheese flc.jpg|The Edam.
 
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Image:Emmi Emmentaler cheese.jpg|Emmi Cave Aged Emmentaler cheese.
 
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Image:Emmi Gruyère Cheese.jpg|Emmi Cave Aged Gruyère cheese.
 
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Image:Lancashire Cheese.jpg|Lancashire cheese.
 
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Image:Limberger cheese.jpg|Limberger cheese.
 
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Image:Mozzarella Cheese.jpg|Mozzarella cheese.
 
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Image:White Cheddar Cheese.jpg|White Cheddar cheese.
 
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</gallery>
 
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<references/>
 
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[[Category:Dairy products]]
 
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[[Category:Food and Drink]]
 

Revision as of 21:41, October 4, 2012

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