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== Diplomacy ==
== Diplomacy ==
[[Image:Abusim.JPG|thumb|200px|left|The temple of Ramesses II at Abu Simbel. The inner chambers of the temple contain numerous images of Ramesses II offering to his deified self.]]
[[Image:Luxpylonnight.JPG|thumb|200px|right|The pylon of Luxor Temple, with colossal statues of Ramesses II]]
In his regnal year 21, Ramesses concluded a formal peace with the Hittite empire, following decades of sporadic tit for tat actions in the Levant that had brought no lasting gains for the Egyptians, despite temporarily extending the Egyptian sphere of influence into the new states of Moab and Edom east of the Jordan river. The peace treaty is one of the most famous of the ancient world, the text of which was delivered on a silver tablet to the Egyptians. Ramesses had it translated into Egyptian, and carved in [[hieroglyphs]], complete with a description of the tablet, onto the walls of [[Karnak temple]], where it can be seen today.
In his regnal year 21, Ramesses concluded a formal peace with the Hittite empire, following decades of sporadic tit for tat actions in the Levant that had brought no lasting gains for the Egyptians, despite temporarily extending the Egyptian sphere of influence into the new states of Moab and Edom east of the Jordan river. The peace treaty is one of the most famous of the ancient world, the text of which was delivered on a silver tablet to the Egyptians. Ramesses had it translated into Egyptian, and carved in [[hieroglyphs]], complete with a description of the tablet, onto the walls of [[Karnak temple]], where it can be seen today.
It was the first formal peace treaty entered into by the Egyptians (though a friendship and de facto alliance had existed between the Pharaohs of the [[Mittanians|Mittani]] during the 18th Dynasty). Later in his reign, negotiations with the Hittites led to Ramesses taking a Hittite princess as a secondary wife, strengthening relations between the two empires.
It was the first formal peace treaty entered into by the Egyptians (though a friendship and de facto alliance had existed between the Pharaohs of the [[Mittanians|Mittani]] during the 18th Dynasty). Later in his reign, negotiations with the Hittites led to Ramesses taking a Hittite princess as a secondary wife, strengthening relations between the two empires.
The peace treaty and friendship established by Ramesses far outlived his own reign, and brought a lasting and stable peace between the two great powers of the time, allowing Ramesses to devote his resources away from military campaigns and security in his vassal states, and into his ambitious building programme.
The peace treaty and friendship established by Ramesses far outlived his own reign, and brought a lasting and stable peace between the two great powers of the time, allowing Ramesses to devote his resources away from military campaigns and security in his vassal states, and into his ambitious building programme.
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== Building Projects ==
== Building Projects ==
[[Image:Ramesseum.JPG|thumb|200px|left|The hypostyle hall of the Ramesseum, Ramesses II's mortuary temple. It was described as one of the finest monuments on the Theban west bank by early visitors.]][[Image:Ozymandias.JPG|thumb|200px|right|The fallen colossal statue of Ramesses at the Ramesseum, known as Ozymandias in classical times. Reports of it by travellers in the 1800's inspired the poem "Ozymandias", though the statue has a smile rather than the "sneer of cold command"]]
Ramesses built more extensively than any other Pharaoh. His major building projects spanned the length of Egypt and deep into Nubia, though he also erected stelae and statues in Asia. Many of his monuments survive today as some of the most famous images of Egypt, including the temples of [[Abu Simbel]] and the [[Ramesseum]]. He also completed the main pylon of [[Luxor Temple]] and the hypostyle hall of Karnak temple, begun by [[Seti I]], as well as completing the mortuary temple of the latter.
Ramesses built more extensively than any other Pharaoh. His major building projects spanned the length of Egypt and deep into Nubia, though he also erected stelae and statues in Asia. Many of his monuments survive today as some of the most famous images of Egypt, including the temples of [[Abu Simbel]] and the [[Ramesseum]]. He also completed the main pylon of [[Luxor Temple]] and the hypostyle hall of Karnak temple, begun by [[Seti I]], as well as completing the mortuary temple of the latter.