Changes

After 1991, historical memory was a powerful tool in the political mobilization and legitimation of the post-Soviet Ukrainian state, as well as the division of selectively used memory along the lines of the political division of Ukrainian society. Ukraine did not experience the restorationist paradigm typical of some other post-Soviet nations, including the Baltic states, although the multifaceted history of independence, the Orthodox Church in Ukraine, Soviet-era repressions, mass famine, and World War II collaboration were used to provide a different constitutive frame for the new Ukrainian nation. The politics of identity (which includes the production of history textbooks and the authorization of commemorative practices) has remained fragmented and tailored to reflect the ideological anxieties and concerns of individual regions of Ukraine.<ref> See Andryi Portnov, "Exercises with history Ukrainian style (notes on public aspects of history's functioning in post-Soviet Ukraine)," ''Ab Imperio'' 2007 (3): 93-138, in Ukrainian </ref>

After 1991, historical memory was a powerful tool in the political mobilization and legitimation of the post-Soviet Ukrainian state, as well as the division of selectively used memory along the lines of the political division of Ukrainian society. Ukraine did not experience the restorationist paradigm typical of some other post-Soviet nations, including the Baltic states, although the multifaceted history of independence, the Orthodox Church in Ukraine, Soviet-era repressions, mass famine, and World War II collaboration were used to provide a different constitutive frame for the new Ukrainian nation. The politics of identity (which includes the production of history textbooks and the authorization of commemorative practices) has remained fragmented and tailored to reflect the ideological anxieties and concerns of individual regions of Ukraine.<ref> See Andryi Portnov, "Exercises with history Ukrainian style (notes on public aspects of history's functioning in post-Soviet Ukraine)," ''Ab Imperio'' 2007 (3): 93-138, in Ukrainian </ref>

===Yanukovich, Crimea Crisis and Pro-russian unrest===

===Ukrainian Crisis===

[[File:Euromaidan in Kyiv on 1 December 2013 by Nwssa Gnatoush.jpg|thumb|Pro-European protests in [[Kyiv]] (2013)]]

[[File:Euromaidan in Kyiv on 1 December 2013 by Nwssa Gnatoush.jpg|thumb|Pro-European protests in [[Kyiv]] (2013)]]

2010 [[Viktor Yanukovych]] and his pro-Russian "Party of Regions" won the elections. 2013 the Ukrainian People protested against [[Vladimir Putin]] and wanted a pro-European course by the government.<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/2013/vladimir-tismaneanu/ukrainian-people-power/</ref> These protests were called "EuroMaidan".<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/2013/arnold-ahlert/putin-vs-pro-west-ukrainians/</ref> As a result prime minister Mykola Azarov resigned<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25932352</ref> and Yanukovich was discontinued on February 22, 2014 by the parliament.<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/02/22/ukrainian-protesters-claim-control-over-capital/</ref>

2010 [[Viktor Yanukovych]] and his pro-Russian "Party of Regions" won the elections. 2013 the Ukrainian People protested against [[Vladimir Putin]] and wanted a pro-European course by the government.<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/2013/vladimir-tismaneanu/ukrainian-people-power/</ref> These protests were called "EuroMaidan".<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/2013/arnold-ahlert/putin-vs-pro-west-ukrainians/</ref> As a result prime minister Mykola Azarov resigned<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-25932352</ref> and Yanukovich was discontinued on February 22, 2014 by the parliament.<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/02/22/ukrainian-protesters-claim-control-over-capital/</ref>