Changes

The name "dipper" comes from their observed habit of feeding.  They completely dip their heads in water many times a minute, a bobbing motion which also continues while above water when looking for food.  They also completely submerse themselves under water, using their long legs to walk across the stream bed; they also use their wings as a swimming aid.  Food consists of aquatic insects and insect larvae, flying insects, and small crustaceans.  Small fish, tadpoles, and worms are sometimes taken, but consist of a small overall proportion of their diet.

The name "dipper" comes from their observed habit of feeding.  They completely dip their heads in water many times a minute, a bobbing motion which also continues while above water when looking for food.  They also completely submerse themselves under water, using their long legs to walk across the stream bed; they also use their wings as a swimming aid.  Food consists of aquatic insects and insect larvae, flying insects, and small crustaceans.  Small fish, tadpoles, and worms are sometimes taken, but consist of a small overall proportion of their diet.

A distinctive "wing-flashing" or "wing-flicking" are done by the birds.  Researchers speculate that the flashing is done either to startle their insect prey, or alert other birds to threats<ref>http://www.ibiologia.unam.mx/pdf/links/neo/rev13/vol_13_3/orni_13_3_319-322.pdf</ref>.

A distinctive "wing-flashing" or "wing-flicking" are done by the birds.  Researchers speculate that the flashing is done either to startle their insect prey, or alert other birds to threats.<ref>http://www.ibiologia.unam.mx/pdf/links/neo/rev13/vol_13_3/orni_13_3_319-322.pdf</ref>

The species in Europe and North America are also known by the name "water ouzel", based upon an Old English word for the [[European blackbird]] (''Turdus merula'')<ref>http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/ouzel</ref><ref>http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/ouzel</ref>.

The species in Europe and North America are also known by the name "water ouzel", based upon an Old English word for the [[European blackbird]] (''Turdus merula'').<ref>http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/ouzel</ref><ref>http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/ouzel</ref>

===Species===

===Species===

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Perching Birds]]

[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Perching Birds]]