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* The [[Russia]]s under the [[Tsar|Czar]] as [[emperor]], obedient to the [[Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox Church]] up to the abdication of [[Czar Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] (1917).
* The [[Russia]]s under the [[Tsar|Czar]] as [[emperor]], obedient to the [[Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox Church]] up to the abdication of [[Czar Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] (1917).
* [[Utopia|Utopian]] [[Commune|communities]] founded in the United States and Europe 16th through 20th centuries, by such groups as the [[Anabaptists|Anabaptists beginning as early as 1521]]. See especially [[Socialism#Religion|Socialism: Religion]].
* [[Utopia]]n [[Commune|communities]] founded in the United States and Europe 16th through 20th centuries, by such groups as the [[Anabaptists|Anabaptists beginning as early as 1521]]. See especially [[Socialism#Religion|Socialism: Religion]].
* Rule by the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran Princes]] in accordance with [http://stpaulserie.org/The%20Smalcald%20Articles%20and%20the%20Treatise.pdf The Smalcald Articles] beginning in 1537, with the systematic eradication of Catholicism as a crime punishable by death throughout their territories.
* Rule by the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran Princes]] in accordance with [http://stpaulserie.org/The%20Smalcald%20Articles%20and%20the%20Treatise.pdf The Smalcald Articles] beginning in 1537, with the systematic eradication of Catholicism as a crime punishable by death throughout their territories.
* [[Salt Lake City]] (1847) and [[Utah]] under the prophets and Council of Elders of the [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints|Latter-day Saints]] in the 19th century in the United States.
* [[Salt Lake City]] (1847) and [[Utah]] under the prophets and Council of Elders of the [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints|Latter-day Saints]] in the 19th century in the United States.
* [[National Socialism]] in [[Germany]] 1925-1945 combined [[Norse mythology]], [[Darwinism]] and [[Theosophical Society|Theosophy]] in a [[Racism|racist]] militant extremist opposition to Judaism and Christianity <ref>''The Occult History of the Third Reich'' 4 program DVD documentary from [http://www.eagle-rock.com Eagle Media], copyright 1987/2004 Eagle Rock Entertainment. Disc 1: 100 minutes Disc 2: 109 minutes Total running time 209 minutes approx. Plus additional interactive content. Executive Producers for Eagle Rock Entertainment - Terry Shand & Geoff Kempin. An Eagle Media Release - Eagle Media is a division of Eagle Rock Entertainment Ltd. ISBN 0-9743194-6-5 </ref>
* [[National Socialism]] in [[Germany]] 1925-1945 combined [[Norse mythology]], [[Darwinism]] and [[Theosophical Society|Theosophy]] in a [[Racism|racist]] militant extremist opposition to Judaism and Christianity <ref>''The Occult History of the Third Reich'' 4 program DVD documentary from [http://www.eagle-rock.com Eagle Media], copyright 1987/2004 Eagle Rock Entertainment. Disc 1: 100 minutes Disc 2: 109 minutes Total running time 209 minutes approx. Plus additional interactive content. Executive Producers for Eagle Rock Entertainment - Terry Shand & Geoff Kempin. An Eagle Media Release - Eagle Media is a division of Eagle Rock Entertainment Ltd. ISBN 0-9743194-6-5</ref>
* Since 1926 the theocratic [http://sabda.sriaurobindoashram.org/catalog/show.php?id=about_saa Sri Aurobindo Ashram] in [[India]].
* Since 1926 the theocratic [http://sabda.sriaurobindoashram.org/catalog/show.php?id=about_saa Sri Aurobindo Ashram] in [[India]].
* The [[Vatican City|Vatican]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] is a formal [[Christianity|Christian]] theocracy, with the [[Pope]] as head of both church and state. By technicality, Vatican City established by the Treaty of the Lateran in 1929 is a theocracy, as it is ruled by the Pope, placed by a divine election.
* The [[Vatican City|Vatican]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] is a formal [[Christianity|Christian]] theocracy, with the [[Pope]] as head of both church and state. By technicality, Vatican City established by the Treaty of the Lateran in 1929 is a theocracy, as it is ruled by the Pope, placed by a divine election.
* The [[Islamic Republic]] of [[Iran]] since December 1979 is a modern-day theocracy, as many commentators believe that the real power in its government lies not in allegedly "democratically-elected" leaders like [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] but in [[Clergy|cleric]]s such as the [[Ayatollah]]s within the government, since Iranian law requires [[President]]ial candidates to be approved by the [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/guardian-council Guardian Council] <ref>
* The [[Islamic Republic]] of [[Iran]] since December 1979 is a modern-day theocracy, as many commentators believe that the real power in its government lies not in allegedly "democratically-elected" leaders like [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] but in [[Clergy|cleric]]s such as the [[Ayatollah]]s within the government, since Iranian law requires [[President]]ial candidates to be approved by the [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/guardian-council Guardian Council] <ref>
[http://www.hrw.org/backgrounder/mena/iran0605/ Access Denied: Iran’s Exclusionary Elections ''Human Rights Watch'']</ref> and some Iranian laws on [[homosexuality]] and [[adultery]] come from the [[Sharia law|Sharia]].<ref>[[Netherlands]], [[Sweden]]: Bar Deportations to [[Torture]] in Iran
- Officials Must Not Return Gay and Lesbian [[Asylum]] Seekers to Iran <i>Human Rights Watch </i>[http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/10/06/sweden14361.htm]</ref>.
- Officials Must Not Return Gay and Lesbian [[Asylum]] Seekers to Iran ''Human Rights Watch ''[http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/10/06/sweden14361.htm]</ref>
* Only two [[Democracy|democracies]] (or more precisely [[Republic (Politics)|republics]]) reserve places in their legislatures specifically for representatives of the state religion, these are the aforementioned Islamic Republic of Iran and the [[United Kingdom]] where Bishops of the [[Church of England]] sit in the upper chamber, the [[House of Lords]] under the designation of Lords Spiritual, the [[Monarchy|monarch of England]] being also the supreme head of the Church of England since 1559.<ref>[http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Documents/act_of_supremacy2.htm Act of Supremacy]</ref>
* Only two [[Democracy|democracies]] (or more precisely [[Republic (Politics)|republics]]) reserve places in their legislatures specifically for representatives of the state religion, these are the aforementioned Islamic Republic of Iran and the [[United Kingdom]] where Bishops of the [[Church of England]] sit in the upper chamber, the [[House of Lords]] under the designation of Lords Spiritual, the [[Monarchy|monarch of England]] being also the supreme head of the Church of England since 1559.<ref>[http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Documents/act_of_supremacy2.htm Act of Supremacy]</ref>
* [[Atheism]] imposed by the [[Reign of Terror]] in [[French Revolution|France]] in the 18th century, and by the [[Soviet Union]], the [[China|People's Republic of China]] and the Communist governments in [[Southeast Asia]], Africa, [[Cuba]] and [[South America]] in the 20th and 21st centuries. See [[Atheism is a religion]].
* [[Atheism]] imposed by the [[Reign of Terror]] in [[French Revolution|France]] in the 18th century, and by the [[Soviet Union]], the [[China|People's Republic of China]] and the Communist governments in [[Southeast Asia]], Africa, [[Cuba]] and [[South America]] in the 20th and 21st centuries. See [[Atheism is a religion]].
* [[Wahhabi|Wahhabism]] or militant extremist Islam imposed on countries and communities controlled by [[Al Qaeda]], the [[Taliban]], and [[Islamic State|ISIS]] since the beginning of the 21st century, in the Middle East and Africa and island nations in the Pacific.
* [[Wahhabi]]sm or militant extremist Islam imposed on countries and communities controlled by [[Al Qaeda]], the [[Taliban]], and [[Islamic State|ISIS]] since the beginning of the 21st century, in the Middle East and Africa and island nations in the Pacific.
==Theocracy as tyranny==
==Theocracy as tyranny==
:Of all tyrannies, a [[tyranny]] sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most [[oppression|oppressive]]. It would be better to live under [[Robber Baron|robber barons]] than under omnipotent moral [[busybody|busybodies]]. The robber baron's cruelty may sometimes sleep, his cupidity may at some point be satiated; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end for they do so with the approval of their own [[conscience]]. [http://www.tsowell.com/quotes.html]
:Of all tyrannies, a [[tyranny]] sincerely exercised for the good of its victims may be the most [[oppression|oppressive]]. It would be better to live under [[Robber Baron|robber barons]] than under omnipotent moral [[busybody|busybodies]]. The robber baron's cruelty may sometimes sleep, his cupidity may at some point be satiated; but those who torment us for our own good will torment us without end for they do so with the approval of their own [[conscience]]. [http://www.tsowell.com/quotes.html]
Theocracy may also describe any government which seeks to impose religious principles or law, such as the [[Sharia]], or the Hindu laws of [[Manu Smriti]] <ref>The laws of Manu <i>George Buhler, translated by</i> [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/manu.htm]</ref> on its population, even if the government is formally [[secular]].
Theocracy may also describe any government which seeks to impose religious principles or law, such as the [[Sharia]], or the Hindu laws of [[Manu Smriti]] <ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/manu.htm The laws of Manu ''George Buhler, translated by'']</ref> on its population, even if the government is formally [[secular]].
One well known example of such a state is Saudi Arabia where the legal system is based on [[Sharia]] ([[Islamic law]] as interpreted by state authorities), [[Saudi Arabia]] also has a [[religious police]] <ref>Saudi Arabia - The Legal System <i>U.S. Library Of Congress</i> [http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/51.htm]</ref>
One well known example of such a state is Saudi Arabia where the legal system is based on [[Sharia]] ([[Islamic law]] as interpreted by state authorities), [[Saudi Arabia]] also has a [[religious police]] <ref>[http://countrystudies.us/saudi-arabia/51.htm Saudi Arabia - The Legal System ''U.S. Library Of Congress'']</ref>
In [[Israel]], civil cases under the [[Halakhah]] (traditional [[Jewish]] law based on the [[Torah]]) are allowed.
In [[Israel]], civil cases under the [[Halakhah]] (traditional [[Jewish]] law based on the [[Torah]]) are allowed.