Difference between revisions of "Jotham"
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| − | + | '''Jotham''' or '''Yotam''' ([[Hebrew]] '''יותם''', [[YHWH]] is perfect) (783-vr. 768-r. 758-742 BC according to [[James Ussher|Ussher]],<ref name=Ussher>[[James Ussher]], ''[[The Annals of the World]]'', [[Larry Pierce]], ed., Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 2003 (ISBN 0890513600), pghh. 565, 580, 586, 598</ref> or 775-vr. 750-r. 740-732 BC according to [[Edwin R. Thiele|Thiele]]<ref name=Wood>Leon J. Wood, ''A Survey of Israel's History'', rev. ed. David O'Brien, Grand Rapids, MI: Academie Books, 1986 (ISBN 031034770X), pp. 300-301</ref>) was the tenth king of the [[Southern Kingdom]] of [[Israel]] in direct line of descent. His reign is notable for a significant military victory but also for the beginning of a defensive war against [[Syria]] and the [[Northern Kingdom]]. | |
== Early Life and Family == | == Early Life and Family == | ||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
[[Uzziah]], in the forty-second year of his reign, foolishly tried to burn incense in the [[Temple of Jerusalem]] and was stricken with [[leprosy]] as a result. Uzziah spent the rest of his reign and life in quarantine.<ref name=WebBible>Authors unknown. "[http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/jotham.html Entry for Jotham]." WebBible Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2007.</ref> | [[Uzziah]], in the forty-second year of his reign, foolishly tried to burn incense in the [[Temple of Jerusalem]] and was stricken with [[leprosy]] as a result. Uzziah spent the rest of his reign and life in quarantine.<ref name=WebBible>Authors unknown. "[http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/jotham.html Entry for Jotham]." WebBible Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2007.</ref> | ||
| − | Therefore, at that time, Jotham had to assume the powers and duties of the crown.<ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=5}}</ref><ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=26|verses=21}}</ref | + | Therefore, at that time, Jotham had to assume the powers and duties of the crown.<ref name=WebBible/><ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=5}}</ref><ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=26|verses=21}}</ref><ref name=IGH>Claiborne, Winford. "[http://www.gospelhour.net/2062.html Uzziah, Jotham, and Ahaz]." ''[http://www.gospelhour.net/ The International Gospel Hour]''. Transcript of program first broadcast on radio on November 2, 2003. Retrieved June 5, 2007.</ref> In Ussher's chronology, Jotham was fifteen years old at the time (and thus only one year younger than his own father was when he began to exercise affairs of state).<ref name=Ussher/> In Thiele's system he was already twenty-five years old, and was not merely a viceregent but a true [[viceroy]].<ref name=Wood/> |
== Accession == | == Accession == | ||
| − | In the second year-of-reign of King [[Pekah]] of the Northern Kingdom, Jotham attained royal | + | In the second year-of-reign of King [[Pekah]] of the Northern Kingdom, Jotham attained royal dignity—either by becoming sole ruler<ref name=Ussher/> or viceroy.<ref name=Wood/> He was twenty-five years old at the time, and would hold this dignity for sixteen years.<ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=27|verses=1,8}}</ref> |
| − | The [[Bible]] credits him with right acts in the sight of the Lord.<ref name=WebBible/> But it also says that he never attended any services in the [[Temple of Jerusalem]],<ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=27|verses=2}}</ref | + | The [[Bible]] credits him with right acts in the sight of the Lord.<ref name=WebBible/> But it also says that he never attended any services in the [[Temple of Jerusalem]],<ref name=IGH/><ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=27|verses=2}}</ref> nor removed any [[high place]]s.<ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Kings|chap=15|verses=34-35}}</ref> Sadly, the people did not follow any of his right acts—perhaps because he did not provide a sufficiently inspiring public example. |
| − | He did build the high gate of the Temple,<ref name=CCM>David Holt Boshert, Jr., and David Ettinger, [http://www.christcenteredmall.com/teachings/kings/jotham.htm Jotham King of Judah], Christ-Centered Mall. Retrieved June 5, 2007</ref> add significantly to the wall of [[Ophel]], and build many military outposts in the mountains and forests.<ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=27|verses=3-4}}</ref | + | He did build the high gate of the Temple,<ref name=CCM>David Holt Boshert, Jr., and David Ettinger, [http://www.christcenteredmall.com/teachings/kings/jotham.htm Jotham King of Judah], Christ-Centered Mall. Retrieved June 5, 2007</ref> add significantly to the wall of [[Ophel]], and build many military outposts in the mountains and forests.<ref name=CCM/><ref>{{Bible ref|book=II_Chronicles|chap=27|verses=3-4}}</ref> |
== Wars == | == Wars == | ||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
| − | == See | + | == See also == |
* [[Pekah]] | * [[Pekah]] | ||
Revision as of 21:23, July 12, 2016
Jotham or Yotam (Hebrew יותם, YHWH is perfect) (783-vr. 768-r. 758-742 BC according to Ussher,[1] or 775-vr. 750-r. 740-732 BC according to Thiele[2]) was the tenth king of the Southern Kingdom of Israel in direct line of descent. His reign is notable for a significant military victory but also for the beginning of a defensive war against Syria and the Northern Kingdom.
Early Life and Family
He was the son of King Uzziah and Uzziah's wife Jerushah. His father was either 43[1] or 34[2] years old when he was born.
His wife's name is not recorded in the Bible. When he was twenty-one years old, he had a son named Jehoahaz, or Ahaz for short. This Ahaz proved a very wicked son, for the time references given in the Books of the Kings indicate that Ahaz sired his own son, Hezekiah, when he, Ahaz, was only eleven years old. (This presents a problem for the Thiele system that might indeed be insurmountable: if Thiele's numbers are correct, then Ahaz sired his son when he, Ahaz, was but one year old!)
Viceregency or viceroyalty?
Uzziah, in the forty-second year of his reign, foolishly tried to burn incense in the Temple of Jerusalem and was stricken with leprosy as a result. Uzziah spent the rest of his reign and life in quarantine.[3]
Therefore, at that time, Jotham had to assume the powers and duties of the crown.[3][4][5][6] In Ussher's chronology, Jotham was fifteen years old at the time (and thus only one year younger than his own father was when he began to exercise affairs of state).[1] In Thiele's system he was already twenty-five years old, and was not merely a viceregent but a true viceroy.[2]
Accession
In the second year-of-reign of King Pekah of the Northern Kingdom, Jotham attained royal dignity—either by becoming sole ruler[1] or viceroy.[2] He was twenty-five years old at the time, and would hold this dignity for sixteen years.[7]
The Bible credits him with right acts in the sight of the Lord.[3] But it also says that he never attended any services in the Temple of Jerusalem,[6][8] nor removed any high places.[9] Sadly, the people did not follow any of his right acts—perhaps because he did not provide a sufficiently inspiring public example.
He did build the high gate of the Temple,[10] add significantly to the wall of Ophel, and build many military outposts in the mountains and forests.[10][11]
Wars
In the first year of his reign (or viceroyalty) he scored a great victory against the Ammonites.[10] They paid the Southern Kingdom a tribute consisting of 100 talents of silver, 10,000 measures of wheat, and 10,000 measures of barley, for each of three successive years.[12]
Toward the end of his reign, Pekah formed an alliance with Rezin, king of Syria. These two kings started a war with the Southern Kingdom that continued until after Jotham was dead.[13]
Death and Succession
Jotham died at the end of a sixteen-year reign, at the age of forty-one. His son Jehoahaz I succeeded him.
Chronological Differences
Ussher[1] gives a terminus a quo and terminus ad quem for Jotham's reign with sixteen years between them. Thiele, however, seems to suggest[2] that Jotham reigned for eighteen years, a discrepancy that begs explanation. Furthermore, Wood[2] states that Jotham installed his son Jehoahaz I as his viceroy while he himself was viceroy to his father Uzziah.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 James Ussher, The Annals of the World, Larry Pierce, ed., Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 2003 (ISBN 0890513600), pghh. 565, 580, 586, 598
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Leon J. Wood, A Survey of Israel's History, rev. ed. David O'Brien, Grand Rapids, MI: Academie Books, 1986 (ISBN 031034770X), pp. 300-301
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Authors unknown. "Entry for Jotham." WebBible Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
- ↑ II_Kings 15:5
- ↑ II_Chronicles 26:21
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Claiborne, Winford. "Uzziah, Jotham, and Ahaz." The International Gospel Hour. Transcript of program first broadcast on radio on November 2, 2003. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
- ↑ II_Chronicles 27:1,8
- ↑ II_Chronicles 27:2
- ↑ II_Kings 15:34-35
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 David Holt Boshert, Jr., and David Ettinger, Jotham King of Judah, Christ-Centered Mall. Retrieved June 5, 2007
- ↑ II_Chronicles 27:3-4
- ↑ II_Chronicles 27:5
- ↑ II_Kings 15:37