Changes

See: [[Causes of obesity]] and [[Bariatric science]]

See: [[Causes of obesity]] and [[Bariatric science]]

Two of the major risk factors for becoming [[obesity|obese]] according to the [[Mayo Clinic]] are poor dietary choices and inactivity.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION=causes</ref> Most individuals are overweight due to their dietary and exercise habits.<ref>

Two of the major risk factors for becoming obese according to the [[Mayo Clinic]] are poor dietary choices and inactivity.<ref>http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION=causes</ref> Most individuals are overweight due to their dietary and exercise habits.<ref>

*[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION=causes Causes of obesity] - [[Mayo Clinic]]

*[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION=causes Causes of obesity] - [[Mayo Clinic]]

*[http://www.motleyhealth.com/fitness/how-much-exercise-is-needed-to-get-fit-and-lose-weight How much exercise is needed to get fit and lose weight]

*[http://www.motleyhealth.com/fitness/how-much-exercise-is-needed-to-get-fit-and-lose-weight How much exercise is needed to get fit and lose weight]

=== Genetics ===

=== Genetics ===

Although many people attempt to excuse away their overweight condition on their [[genetics|genetic]] makeup rather than exercise self-discipline when it comes to their diet and exercise habits, according to the [[Harvard University]] School of Public Health, most people can maintain a healthy weight through the establishment of healthy habits and maintaining an environment conducive to good health (emptying their refrigerator and cupboards of junk foods, etc.).<ref>[http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-causes/genes-and-obesity/ Obesity - Genes are not destiny]</ref>

Although many people attempt to excuse away their overweight condition on their [[genetics|genetic]] makeup rather than exercise self-discipline when it comes to their diet and exercise habits, according to the [[Harvard University]] School of Public Health, most people can maintain a healthy weight through the establishment of healthy habits and maintaining an environment conducive to good health (emptying their refrigerator and cupboards of junk foods, etc.).<ref name="Obesity - Genes are not destiny">[http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-causes/genes-and-obesity/ Obesity - Genes are not destiny]</ref>

The [[Harvard University]] School of Public Health declares in their article ''[[Gene]]s are not destiny'':

The [[Harvard University]] School of Public Health declares in their article ''[[Gene]]s are not destiny'':

{{cquote|...it’s important to remember that overall, the contribution of genes to obesity risk is small, while the contribution of our toxic food and activity environment is huge. As one scientist wrote, “Genes may co-determine who becomes obese, but our environment determines how many become obese.” That’s why obesity prevention efforts must focus on changing our environment to make healthy choices easier choices, for all.<ref>[http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-causes/genes-and-obesity/ Obesity - Genes are not destiny]</ref>}}

{{cquote|...it’s important to remember that overall, the contribution of genes to obesity risk is small, while the contribution of our toxic food and activity environment is huge. As one scientist wrote, “Genes may co-determine who becomes obese, but our environment determines how many become obese.” That’s why obesity prevention efforts must focus on changing our environment to make healthy choices easier choices, for all.<ref name="Obesity - Genes are not destiny">[http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-causes/genes-and-obesity/ Obesity - Genes are not destiny]</ref>}}

=== Internet and computer usage ===

=== Internet and computer usage ===

In 2009, an Australian university study was done concerning the association between leisure time internet and computer use with being overweight/obese and also sedentary.<ref>http://www.jmir.org/2009/3/e28/</ref> The study concluded: "These findings suggest that, apart from nutritional and physical activity interventions, it may also be necessary to decrease time spent in sedentary behaviors, such as leisure-time Internet and computer use, in order to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity."<ref>http://www.jmir.org/2009/3/e28/</ref>

In 2009, an Australian university study was done concerning the association between leisure time internet and computer use with being overweight/obese and also sedentary.<ref name="jmir.org">http://www.jmir.org/2009/3/e28/</ref> The study concluded: "These findings suggest that, apart from nutritional and physical activity interventions, it may also be necessary to decrease time spent in sedentary behaviors, such as leisure-time Internet and computer use, in order to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity."<ref name="jmir.org"/>

=== Worldview ===

=== Worldview ===

See also: [[Atheism and obesity]] and [[Sports performance: Religious faith vs. atheism]]

See also: [[Atheism and obesity]] and [[Sports performance: Religious faith vs. atheism]]

In the journal article ''Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications'', psychologists McCullough and Willoughby theorize that many of the positive links of religiousness with health and social behavior may be caused by religion's beneficial influences on [[self-control]]/self-regulation.<ref>[http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/Relig_self_control_bulletin.pdf Religion, Self-Regulation, and Self-Control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications]</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19210054</ref> Furthermore, a 2012 Queen's University study published in ''Psychological Science'' found that religion replenishes self-control.<ref>[http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/05/02/0956797611431987.abstract ''Religion Replenishes Self-Control'', ''Psychological Science'', June 2012 vol. 23 no. 6 635-642, Kevin Rounding, Albert Lee, Jill A. Jacobson and Li-Jun Ji at Queen’s University]</ref><ref>[http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-01/qu-qsf012412.php Study finds religion helps us gain self-control]</ref>  Also, numerous studies indicate that those who engage in regular spiritual practices have lower mortality rates.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10868765 Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review. McCullough ME, Hoyt WT, Larson DB, Koenig HG, Thoresen C., Health Psychol. 2000 May;19(3):211-22.]</ref> <ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1305900/ ''The role of spirituality in health care'', roc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2001 October; 14(4): 352–357.]</ref>

In the journal article ''Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications'', psychologists McCullough and Willoughby theorize that many of the positive links of religiousness with health and social behavior may be caused by religion's beneficial influences on [[self-control]]/self-regulation.<ref>[http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/Relig_self_control_bulletin.pdf Religion, Self-Regulation, and Self-Control: Associations, Explanations, and Implications]</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19210054</ref> Furthermore, a 2012 Queen's University study published in ''Psychological Science'' found that religion replenishes self-control.<ref>[http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/05/02/0956797611431987.abstract ''Religion Replenishes Self-Control'', ''Psychological Science'', June 2012 vol. 23 no. 6 635-642, Kevin Rounding, Albert Lee, Jill A. Jacobson and Li-Jun Ji at Queen’s University]</ref><ref>[http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-01/qu-qsf012412.php Study finds religion helps us gain self-control]</ref>  Also, numerous studies indicate that those who engage in regular spiritual practices have lower mortality rates.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10868765 Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review. McCullough ME, Hoyt WT, Larson DB, Koenig HG, Thoresen C., Health Psychol. 2000 May;19(3):211-22.]</ref><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1305900/ ''The role of spirituality in health care'', roc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2001 October; 14(4): 352–357.]</ref>

According to the [[Gallup poll|Gallup Inc.]], "Very religious Americans are more likely to practice healthy behaviors than those who are moderately religious or nonreligious."<ref>http://www.gallup.com/poll/145379/Religious-Americans-Lead-Healthier-Lives.aspx</ref>

According to the [[Gallup poll|Gallup Inc.]], "Very religious Americans are more likely to practice healthy behaviors than those who are moderately religious or nonreligious."<ref name="gallup.com">http://www.gallup.com/poll/145379/Religious-Americans-Lead-Healthier-Lives.aspx</ref>

For more information, please see: [[Atheism and obesity]]

For more information, please see: [[Atheism and obesity]]

Obesity is most dangerous among the children and the elderly, whose bones, [[liver]]s, and [[lung]]s are too weak to deal with the excess weight and fat. Obesity can significantly shorten a person's lifespan.

Obesity is most dangerous among the children and the elderly, whose bones, [[liver]]s, and [[lung]]s are too weak to deal with the excess weight and fat. Obesity can significantly shorten a person's lifespan.

Many in the medical establishment consider obesity to be an illness<ref>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/4650.php Is Obesity a Disease?] Medical News Today</ref>, in the sense that it is a serious medical condition, but disagree about the root causes of non-hormone related obesity. The medical world is nearly unanimously agreed that obesity is a big problem in the Western world, and in fact becoming a problem world wide.<ref>"... when it comes to obesity—which dominates nutrition problems even in some of the poorest countries of the world—it is the calories that count." [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=eating-made-simple Eating Made Simple] - Scientific American</ref>  

Many in the medical establishment consider obesity to be an illness,<ref>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/4650.php Is Obesity a Disease?] Medical News Today</ref> in the sense that it is a serious medical condition, but disagree about the root causes of non-hormone related obesity. The medical world is nearly unanimously agreed that obesity is a big problem in the Western world, and in fact becoming a problem world wide.<ref>"... when it comes to obesity—which dominates nutrition problems even in some of the poorest countries of the world—it is the calories that count." [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=eating-made-simple Eating Made Simple] - Scientific American</ref>  

[[Liberal|Liberals']] answer to this problem has been to shift responsibility from those who are overeating (not including people with medical factors that cause the problems), to regulating how much fat can be in foods, what foods can be served at what restaurants, and trying to put financial penalties on restaurants that serve "fatty" foods.

[[Liberal|Liberals']] answer to this problem has been to shift responsibility from those who are overeating (not including people with medical factors that cause the problems), to regulating how much fat can be in foods, what foods can be served at what restaurants, and trying to put financial penalties on restaurants that serve "fatty" foods.

''See also:'' [[Health risks linked to obesity]]

''See also:'' [[Health risks linked to obesity]]

Some of the medical conditions associated with obesity include: type 2 [[diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]], high [[cholesterol]] and [[triglyceride]]s, coronary artery disease (CAD), [[stroke]], [[arthritis]], [[cancer]], sleep apnea, [[reproduction|reproductive problems]] in women and varicose veins. Diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and CAD are most closely associated with unhealthy diets, while arthritis comes from the stress extra weight places on the body. Stokes, cancer, and reproductive problems less closely correlate with obesity. <ref>  

Some of the medical conditions associated with obesity include: type 2 [[diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]], high [[cholesterol]] and [[triglyceride]]s, coronary artery disease (CAD), [[stroke]], [[arthritis]], [[cancer]], sleep apnea, [[reproduction|reproductive problems]] in women and varicose veins. Diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and CAD are most closely associated with unhealthy diets, while arthritis comes from the stress extra weight places on the body. Stokes, cancer, and reproductive problems less closely correlate with obesity.<ref>

*[http://www.webmd.com/diet/tc/obesity-health-risks-of-obesity]

*[http://www.webmd.com/diet/tc/obesity-health-risks-of-obesity]

*[http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_consequences.htm]

*[http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_consequences.htm]

*[http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/obesity]

*[http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/obesity]

*[http://stanfordhospital.org/clinicsmedServices/COE/surgicalServices/vascularSurgery/patientEducation/varicose.html]</ref>  In addition, [[medical science]] research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.<ref>

*[http://stanfordhospital.org/clinicsmedServices/COE/surgicalServices/vascularSurgery/patientEducation/varicose.html]</ref>  In addition, [[medical science]] research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.<ref name="pn.psychiatryonline.org">*[http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/content/41/18/25.1.full]

*[http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/content/41/18/25.1.full]

*[http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/brain-and-behavior/articles/2009/08/25/as-waistlines-widen-brains-shrink.html]

*[http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/brain-and-behavior/articles/2009/08/25/as-waistlines-widen-brains-shrink.html]

*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21167850]

*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21167850]

*[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100714112832.htm]

*[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100714112832.htm]

*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2568718/]</ref>

*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2568718/]</ref>

[[File:Cerebellum.png|right|thumb|240px|[[Medical science]] research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.<ref>

[[File:Cerebellum.png|right|thumb|240px|[[Medical science]] research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.<ref name="pn.psychiatryonline.org"/>]]

*[http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/content/41/18/25.1.full]

*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2568718/]</ref>]]

   

   

According to the Mayo Clinic some of the symptoms associated with obesity can include:

According to the Mayo Clinic some of the symptoms associated with obesity can include:

==Obesity in the United States==

==Obesity in the United States==

The incidence of obesity varies by region within the United States. In 2010, the five leanest states (that is, the states with the lowest rates of obesity) were [[Colorado]], [[Connecticut]], the [[District of Columbia]], [[Massachusetts]], and [[Hawaii]]. The five states with the highest rates of obesity were [[Mississippi]], [[Alabama]], [[Tennessee]], [[West Virginia]],and [[Louisiana ]]. <ref>http://calorielab.com/news/2010/06/28/fattest-states-2010/</ref> A recent study states that in 2010, the only state with less than a 20% obesity rate is Colorado. Twenty years ago, there were no states with an obesity rate higher than 15%.<ref>[http://getbetterhealth.com/more-bad-news-about-the-obesity-epidemic-in-america/2011.07.22 More bad news about the obesity epidemic in-America]</ref>

The incidence of obesity varies by region within the United States. In 2010, the five leanest states (that is, the states with the lowest rates of obesity) were [[Colorado]], [[Connecticut]], the [[District of Columbia]], [[Massachusetts]], and [[Hawaii]]. The five states with the highest rates of obesity were [[Mississippi]], [[Alabama]], [[Tennessee]], [[West Virginia]],and [[Louisiana ]].<ref>http://calorielab.com/news/2010/06/28/fattest-states-2010/</ref> A recent study states that in 2010, the only state with less than a 20% obesity rate is Colorado. Twenty years ago, there were no states with an obesity rate higher than 15%.<ref>[http://getbetterhealth.com/more-bad-news-about-the-obesity-epidemic-in-america/2011.07.22 More bad news about the obesity epidemic in-America]</ref>

==World issues on hunger vs. obesity==

==World issues on hunger vs. obesity==

''See also:'' [[Atheism and obesity]] and [[Psychology, obesity, religiosity and atheism]] and [[atheism and suicide]]

''See also:'' [[Atheism and obesity]] and [[Psychology, obesity, religiosity and atheism]] and [[atheism and suicide]]

According to the [[Gallup Organization]], "Very religious Americans are more likely to practice healthy behaviors than those who are moderately religious or nonreligious."<ref>http://www.gallup.com/poll/145379/Religious-Americans-Lead-Healthier-Lives.aspx</ref>  For more information please see: [[Atheism and obesity]].  

According to the [[Gallup Organization]], "Very religious Americans are more likely to practice healthy behaviors than those who are moderately religious or nonreligious."<ref name="gallup.com"/>  For more information please see: [[Atheism and obesity]].  

Many people overeat in response to negative [[emotion]]s such as [[depression]], [[anxiety]] and boredom.<ref>http://www.obesitypsychiatry.com/id2.html</ref>  

Many people overeat in response to negative [[emotion]]s such as [[depression]], [[anxiety]] and boredom.<ref>http://www.obesitypsychiatry.com/id2.html</ref>  

''See also:'' [[Lesbianism and obesity]] and [[Homosexuality and obesity]] and [[gluttony]]

''See also:'' [[Lesbianism and obesity]] and [[Homosexuality and obesity]] and [[gluttony]]

[[File:11834504 3cc3c49559.jpg|180px|right|thumbnail|In April of 2007, the ''American Journal of Public Health'' analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that [[United States|American]] [[lesbianism|lesbian]] women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups.

[[File:11834504 3cc3c49559.jpg|180px|right|thumbnail|In April 2007, the ''American Journal of Public Health'' analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that [[United States|American]] [[lesbianism|lesbian]] women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups.

<ref name="ajph">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17463369&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Overweight and Obesity in Sexual-Minority Women: Evidence From Population-Based Data, Ulrike Boehmer, Deborah J. Bowen, Greta R. Bauer, American Journal of Public Health, 2007 Jun;97(6):1134-40. E pub 2007 Apr 26.]</ref>

<ref name="ajph">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17463369&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Overweight and Obesity in Sexual-Minority Women: Evidence From Population-Based Data, Ulrike Boehmer, Deborah J. Bowen, Greta R. Bauer, American Journal of Public Health, 2007 Jun;97(6):1134-40. E pub 2007 Apr 26.]</ref>

 

<small>(photo obtained from [http://www.flickr.com/photos/wader/11834504/ Flickr], see [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en license agreement])</small> ]]

<small>(photo obtained from [http://www.flickr.com/photos/wader/11834504/ Flickr], see [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en license agreement])</small> ]]

Concerning [[lesbianism and obesity]], in April of 2007, the'' American Journal of Public Health''  analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that [[United States|American]] [[lesbianism|lesbian]] women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups.

Concerning [[lesbianism and obesity]], in April 2007, the'' American Journal of Public Health''  analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that [[United States|American]] [[lesbianism|lesbian]] women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups.

<ref name="ajph">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17463369&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Overweight and Obesity in Sexual-Minority Women: Evidence From Population-Based Data, Ulrike Boehmer, Deborah J. Bowen, Greta R. Bauer, American Journal of Public Health, 2007 Jun;97(6):1134-40. E pub 2007 Apr 26.]</ref> The abstract for this study indicated that "lesbians are at greater risk for morbidity and mortality linked to overweight and obesity." <ref name="ajph" />  

<ref name="ajph"/> The abstract for this study indicated that "lesbians are at greater risk for morbidity and mortality linked to overweight and obesity." <ref name="ajph" />  

In 2009, the ''PubMed'' article abstract for the Polish psychiatry journal ''Psychiatria Polska'' article ''Body Image in [[Homosexual]] Persons'' declared:

In 2009, the ''PubMed'' article abstract for the Polish psychiatry journal ''Psychiatria Polska'' article ''Body Image in [[Homosexual]] Persons'' declared:

[[File:Jogging with dog at Carcavelos Beach.jpg|thumbnail|200px|The 20% of overweight people who are able to achieve permanent weight loss typically report doing it through engaging in high levels of physical activity, eating a low-calorie, low-fat diet, eating breakfast regularly, self-monitoring weight, and maintaining a consistent eating pattern across weekdays and weekends.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16002825 Long-term weight loss maintenance], ''American Journal of Clinical Nutrition'', 2005 July; 82(1 Suppl):222S-225S.</ref>

[[File:Jogging with dog at Carcavelos Beach.jpg|thumbnail|200px|The 20% of overweight people who are able to achieve permanent weight loss typically report doing it through engaging in high levels of physical activity, eating a low-calorie, low-fat diet, eating breakfast regularly, self-monitoring weight, and maintaining a consistent eating pattern across weekdays and weekends.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16002825 Long-term weight loss maintenance], ''American Journal of Clinical Nutrition'', 2005 July; 82(1 Suppl):222S-225S.</ref>

 

Overweight individuals may need to decrease their computer and internet usage.<ref>http://www.jmir.org/2009/3/e28/</ref>]]

 

 

Overweight individuals may need to decrease their computer and internet usage.<ref name="jmir.org"/>]]

'''Below are some resources related to weight loss:'''

'''Below are some resources related to weight loss:'''

{{reflist}}

{{reflist}}

[[Category : Obesity]]

[[Category:Obesity]]

[[Category : Diseases]]

[[Category:Diseases]]