==Beer==
In Germania (the German-American districts of cities) a beer culture flourished in 19th-century America. Germans operated nearly all the nations brewries, and demand was high until prohibition arrived in 1920. German immigrants acquired a reputation rivaling the Irish for heavy drinking and alcohol-associated violence. By the late 19th century family-oriented beer gardens provided all day recreation on Sundays. German newspapers promoted temperance but not abstinence. From the German perspective the issue was less the ill effects of alcohol than its benefits in promoting social life. For American Germans, the pub stood alongside the church as one of the two pillars of German social and spiritual life.
==Cultural role==
* Jensen, Richard. ''The Winning of the Midwest, Social and Political Conflict 1888–1896" (1971), focus on voting behavior of Germans, prohibition issue, language issue and school issue
* Johnson, Hildegard B. "The Location of German Immigrants in the Middle West". ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' 41 (1951): 1–41. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2561181 in JSTOR]
* Jordon, Terry G. ''German Seed in Texas Soil: Immigrant Farmers in Nineteenth-century Texas''. (1966)
* Jordon, Terry G. ''Germans," [http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/png2.html ''Handbook of Texas Online'' (2006)]
* Kamphoefner, Walter. ''The Westfalians: From Germany to Missouri'' (1987).