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'''Pope''' (from Greek πάππας ''pappas'', father)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/pope |title=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |publisher=Education.yahoo.com |accessdate=11 August 2010}}</ref> is the primary designation of the official title of each of the primary heads (''on earth'') of four Christian Churches<ref>[https://www.quora.com/How-many-popes-are-there How Many Popes Are There? (quora.com)]</ref> who exercise '''[[patriarch]]al''' primacy:

'''Pope''' (from Greek πάππας ''pappas'', father)<ref>pope: {{cite web|url=http://reference/dictionary/entry/pope |title=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language}}</ref> is the primary designation of the official title of each of the primary heads (''on earth'') of four Christian Churches<ref>[https://www.quora.com/How-many-popes-are-there How Many Popes Are There? (quora.com)]</ref> who exercise '''[[patriarch]]al''' primacy (from Latin ''patriarcha'', from Greek ''patriarchēs'' head of a family, from ''patria'' family, clan, and ''archein'' to rule)<ref>patriarch: {{cite web|url=http://reference/dictionary/entry/patriarch |title=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language}}</ </ref>:

*The Pope and Ecumenical Patriarch of the [[Catholic Church]] and Patriarch of the West  

*The Pope and Ecumenical Patriarch of the [[Catholic Church]] and Patriarch of the West  

*The Pope of the Greek [[Orthodox Church]] of Alexandria and Patriarch of All-Africa (Calcedonian)<ref>[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Church_of_Alexandria Church of Alexandria (orthodoxwiki.org)]</ref>

*The Pope of the Greek [[Orthodox Church]] of Alexandria and Patriarch of All-Africa (Calcedonian)<ref>[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Church_of_Alexandria Church of Alexandria (orthodoxwiki.org)]</ref>

Peter (and Paul) did found a church in Rome in A.D. 42<ref>Archaeological evidence cited:

Peter (and Paul) did found a church in Rome in A.D. 42<ref>Archaeological evidence cited:

*[http://catholicapologetics.info/apologetics/general/rome.htm Was St. Peter in Rome? archaeological evidence (catholicapologetics.info)]

*[http://catholicapologetics.info/apologetics/general/rome.htm Was St. Peter in Rome? archaeological evidence (catholicapologetics.info)]

*[https://www.catholic.com/tract/was-peter-in-rome Was Peter in Rome? (catholic.com)]</ref> and Peter served as the bishop for 25 years until A.D. 67 when he was [[martyr]]ed. However, the primacy of the bishop of Rome as patriarch in the Western Roman Empire, always acknowledged as "first in dignity", was not unequivocally established as having ''[[Jurisdiction|juridical]]'' primacy for several centuries, and even then was rejected by eastern bishops who guide the Eastern Orthodox Church under the leadership of the Patriarch of Constantinople<ref>[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Primacy_and_Unity_in_Orthodox_Ecclesiology Primacy and Unity in Orthodox Ecclesiology (orthodoxwiki.org)]</ref>.

*[https://www.catholic.com/tract/was-peter-in-rome Was Peter in Rome? (catholic.com)]</ref> and Peter served as the bishop for 25 years until A.D. 67 when he was [[martyr]]ed. However, the primacy of the bishop of Rome as patriarch in the Western Roman Empire, always acknowledged as "first in dignity", was not unequivocally established as having ''[[Jurisdiction|juridical]]'' primacy for several centuries, and even then was rejected by eastern bishops who guide the Eastern Orthodox Church under the leadership of the Patriarch of Constantinople<ref>[https://orthodoxwiki.org/Primacy_and_Unity_in_Orthodox_Ecclesiology Primacy and Unity in Orthodox Ecclesiology (orthodoxwiki.org)]</ref><ref>Paul was not the original founder of the church in Rome. See Romans 1:8-15.</ref>

===Early history to 350===

===Early history to 350===