| − | This lowest level of the OSI model involves the physical hardware which transfers the raw data after encoding it into [[binary]] form. These pulses are carried by wire (Twisted Pair, Coaxial Cable, etc.) or fiber optic cable from one physical end to the other, as the Datalink Layer coordinates the transfer.<ref name="docs.oracle.com"/><ref name="support.microsoft.com"/><ref name="academia.edu"/> [[Network hub]]s are also included in this layer. | + | This lowest level of the OSI model involves the physical hardware which transfers the raw data after encoding it into [[binary]] form. These pulses are carried by wire (Twisted Pair, Coaxial Cable, etc.) or fiber optic cable from one physical end to the other, as the Datalink Layer coordinates the transfer.<ref name="docs.oracle.com"/><ref name="support.microsoft.com"/><ref name="academia.edu"/> [[Network hub]]s and wireless access points are also included in this layer. |