Changes

===Americanized===

===Americanized===

When California came under American rule in 1846, the population of Los Angeles comprised about 300 Latino families and a few Anglo merchants. In 1869, the city formed its own [[police]] force, the [[Los Angeles Police Department]] ([[LAPD]]), who is/has been the subject of many [[motion pictures]], [[television]] programs, [[news]] stories and [[novels]]. The city began growing when Henry Huntington's [[Southern Pacific]] railroad, subsidized by local government, opened lines to San Francisco in 1876 and through Arizona and Texas to the eastern U.S. in 1883.<ref>Richard J. Orsi, ''Sunset Limited: The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West, 1880-1930'' (2005)</ref>

When California came under American rule in 1846, the population of Los Angeles comprised about 300 Latino families and a few Anglo merchants. In 1869, the city formed its own [[police]] force, the Los Angeles Police Department, aka LAPD, who is/has been the subject of many [[motion picture]]s, [[television]] programs, [[news]] stories and [[novel]]s. The city began growing when Henry Huntington's [[Southern Pacific]] railroad, subsidized by local government, opened lines to San Francisco in 1876 and through Arizona and Texas to the eastern U.S. in 1883.<ref>Richard J. Orsi, ''Sunset Limited: The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West, 1880-1930'' (2005)</ref>

After a decade of prosperity, the cattle industry collapsed after the drought of 1862-63 ruining the landowners. The Californios—fewer than 2000 people—faded into obscurity, losing their ranches through bankruptcy and court cases.  The old Spanish-Mexican culture faded, but reappeared in 20th century mission-style architecture. For a time the small town endured a reputation for lawlessness and vigilantism. Promotion of the region's agricultural potential brought newcomers—Yankees and Midwesterners.  The boom came in 1886-88, sparked by a rate war between the Southern Pacific and the Sante Fe railroads that caused a land boom; by 1890 the city's population reached 50,000. The 1890s saw extensive advertising of the region's climate and opportunities to the rest of the United States, along with congressional approval of the development of key harbor facilities at San Pedro. The first suburbs appeared in Compton (1869) and Pasadena (1875)--part of LA County but entirely separate from the city of Los Angeles.  By 1900 Los Angeles had been transformed into a substantially Protestant, midsized growth center, boosted as a land of opportunity for  Americans, especially Midwesterners.  As soon as they arrived they formed Iowa clubs and Illinois clubs to remember their roots.<ref>Leonard Pitt, "The Midwesternization of a Cowtown" ''California History'' 1981 60(1): 28-49. 0162-2897</ref>

After a decade of prosperity, the cattle industry collapsed after the drought of 1862-63 ruining the landowners. The Californios—fewer than 2000 people—faded into obscurity, losing their ranches through bankruptcy and court cases.  The old Spanish-Mexican culture faded, but reappeared in 20th century mission-style architecture. For a time the small town endured a reputation for lawlessness and vigilantism. Promotion of the region's agricultural potential brought newcomers—Yankees and Midwesterners.  The boom came in 1886-88, sparked by a rate war between the Southern Pacific and the Sante Fe railroads that caused a land boom; by 1890 the city's population reached 50,000. The 1890s saw extensive advertising of the region's climate and opportunities to the rest of the United States, along with congressional approval of the development of key harbor facilities at San Pedro. The first suburbs appeared in Compton (1869) and Pasadena (1875)--part of LA County but entirely separate from the city of Los Angeles.  By 1900 Los Angeles had been transformed into a substantially Protestant, midsized growth center, boosted as a land of opportunity for  Americans, especially Midwesterners.  As soon as they arrived they formed Iowa clubs and Illinois clubs to remember their roots.<ref>Leonard Pitt, "The Midwesternization of a Cowtown" ''California History'' 1981 60(1): 28-49. 0162-2897</ref>

[[Image:La-1900.jpg|thumb|250px|LA in 1900--mostly orange groves and empty land]]

[[Image:La-1900.jpg|thumb|250px|LA in 1900--mostly orange groves and empty land]]

===Economic growth===

===Economic growth===

Los Angeles changed from a small town mentality with individual boosters promoting projects before 1906 to a highly organized growth regime (1906–32), as befitting a center of the nationwide [[Progressive Movement]].  The increasingly powerful Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce took the lead. Formed in 1888, the chamber brought together leading businessmen, bankers, publishers and real estate promoters to tell the world about the unequaled virtues of Southern California's climate, cheap land, and agricultural opportunities. The Rose Bowl started in 1902 as the first bowl game; it promoted sunshine to potential tourists in the depth of the winters back east.  

Los Angeles changed from a small town mentality with individual boosters promoting projects before 1906 to a highly organized growth regime (1906–32), as befitting a center of the nationwide [[Progressive Movement]].  The increasingly powerful Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce took the lead. Formed in 1888, the chamber brought together leading businessmen, bankers, publishers and real estate promoters to tell the world about the unequaled virtues of Southern California's climate, cheap land, and agricultural opportunities. The Rose Bowl started in 1902 as the first bowl game; it promoted sunshine to potential tourists in the depth of the winters back east.