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Nanjing is a city in eastern China, situated on the south bank of the [[Yangtse]] River (''Chiangjiang'') about 200 miles west of [[Shanghai]]. Nanjing was capital of China during part of the [[Ming]] dynasty, and, renamed ''Tianjing'' (Heavenly Capital) was the capital and main base area of the Taiping kings during the [[Taiping Rebellion]] of the 1850s and 60s. It was again capital of the [[Republic of China]] between 1928 and 1937. In 1937 Nanjing was occupied by the invading Japanese army and sunjected to a horrific extended period of murder, rape, looting and destruction which is known as the [[Rape of Nanjing]]. The city was subsequently capital of the puppet government of [[Wang Jingwei]]. Following the defeat of Japan in 1945 Nanjing again served as the Chinese capital until the fall of the Republic of China in 1949 and the establishment of the communist People's Republic of China, which restored the status of Capital to Beijing.

Nanjing (Nanking in the [[Wade-Giles]] transliteration system) is a city in eastern China, situated on the south bank of the [[Yangtse]] River (''Chiangjiang'') about 200 miles west of [[Shanghai]]. Nanjing was capital of China during part of the [[Ming]] dynasty, and, renamed ''Tianjing'' (Heavenly Capital) was the capital and main base area of the Taiping kings during the [[Taiping Rebellion]] of the 1850s and 60s. It was again capital of the [[Republic of China]] between 1928 and 1937. In 1937 Nanjing was occupied by the invading Japanese army and sunjected to a horrific extended period of murder, rape, looting and destruction which is known as the [[Rape of Nanjing]]. The city was subsequently capital of the puppet government of [[Wang Jingwei]]. Following the defeat of Japan in 1945 Nanjing again served as the Chinese capital until the fall of the Republic of China in 1949 and the establishment of the communist People's Republic of China, which restored the status of Capital to Beijing.

The many historical monuments in and around the city include the Mausoleum of [[Sun Yat-sen]] in the Purple Hills, and the dramatic 6.7 km long double-deck road/rail Yangtse Bridge, completed by Chinese engineers after the sudden withdrawal of Soviet experts by Kruschchev, and opened in 1968.

The many historical monuments in and around the city include the Mausoleum of [[Sun Yat-sen]] in the Purple Hills, and the dramatic 6.7 km long double-deck road/rail Yangtse Bridge, completed by Chinese engineers after the sudden withdrawal of Soviet experts by Kruschchev, and opened in 1968.