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==Electoral success==
==Electoral success==
While the M5S performed poorly in Italy's 2017 mayoral elections,<ref>D'Emilio, Frances (June 12, 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/06/12/populists-surge-in-italy-stops-in-voting-for-italys-mayors.html Populists' surge in Italy stops in voting for Italy's mayors]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref><ref>Zampano, Giada (June 12, 2017). [http://www.politico.eu/article/italys-5star-movement-suffer-setback-in-local-elections-beppe-grillo/ 5Stars suffer setback in Italy’s local elections]. ''Politico''. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> the year earlier, it captured the mayorship of [[Rome]].<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (June 20, 2016). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/06/20/populist-woman-mayor-wins-rome-landslide-new-era-begins/ Populist Woman Mayor Wins Rome by Landslide: ‘New Era’ Begins]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
While the M5S performed poorly in Italy's 2017 mayoral elections,<ref>D'Emilio, Frances (June 12, 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/06/12/populists-surge-in-italy-stops-in-voting-for-italys-mayors.html Populists' surge in Italy stops in voting for Italy's mayors]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref><ref>Zampano, Giada (June 12, 2017). [https://www.politico.eu/article/italys-5star-movement-suffer-setback-in-local-elections-beppe-grillo/ 5Stars suffer setback in Italy’s local elections]. ''Politico''. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> the year earlier, it captured the mayorship of [[Rome]].<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (June 20, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/06/20/populist-woman-mayor-wins-rome-landslide-new-era-begins/ Populist Woman Mayor Wins Rome by Landslide: ‘New Era’ Begins]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
<br>See also:
<br>See also:
*[http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/12/far-star-populists-lose-italian-mayoral-vote/ Five Star Populists Lose Out in Italian Mayoral Vote]. ''Breitbart News''. June 12, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> Virginia Raggi, the M5S mayor of Rome called for a suspension of [[immigration]] into the city.<ref>Shaw, Adam (June 15, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/15/mayor-rome-calls-suspension-flow-immigrants-city/ Mayor of Rome Calls for Suspension of Flow of Migrants into the City]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 15, 2017.</ref> The M5S performed well in the 2017 Sicilian regional elections, a region heavily impacted by the migrant crisis.<ref name="Sicily2017">Williams, Thomas D. (November 7, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/11/07/populists-crush-center-left-social-democrats-in-sicily-elections/ Populists Crush Center-Left Social Democrats in Sicily Elections]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 7, 2017.</ref>
*[https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/12/far-star-populists-lose-italian-mayoral-vote/ Five Star Populists Lose Out in Italian Mayoral Vote]. ''Breitbart News''. June 12, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> Virginia Raggi, the M5S mayor of Rome called for a suspension of [[immigration]] into the city.<ref>Shaw, Adam (June 15, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/15/mayor-rome-calls-suspension-flow-immigrants-city/ Mayor of Rome Calls for Suspension of Flow of Migrants into the City]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 15, 2017.</ref> The M5S performed well in the 2017 Sicilian regional elections, a region heavily impacted by the migrant crisis.<ref name="Sicily2017">Williams, Thomas D. (November 7, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/11/07/populists-crush-center-left-social-democrats-in-sicily-elections/ Populists Crush Center-Left Social Democrats in Sicily Elections]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 7, 2017.</ref>
In the 2018 election, M5S along with [[Lega Nord]] performed very well, and M5S became the largest single party in Italy.<ref>Multiple references:
In the 2018 election, M5S along with [[Lega Nord]] performed very well, and M5S became the largest single party in Italy.<ref>Multiple references:
*Newman, Alex (March 5, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/28429-anti-establishment-parties-surge-in-italian-election Anti-Establishment Parties Surge in Italian Election]. ''The New American''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
*Newman, Alex (March 5, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/28429-anti-establishment-parties-surge-in-italian-election Anti-Establishment Parties Surge in Italian Election]. ''The New American''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
*Williams, Thomas D. (March 5, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/05/populists-sweep-italian-national-elections-5-star-movement-big-winner/ Populists Sweep Italian National Elections, 5-Star Movement Big Winner]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
*Williams, Thomas D. (March 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/05/populists-sweep-italian-national-elections-5-star-movement-big-winner/ Populists Sweep Italian National Elections, 5-Star Movement Big Winner]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
*Birnbaum, Michael (March 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/italians-vote-amid-anger-toward-migrants-and-populist-energy/2018/03/04/bdf8b5b6-1cb3-11e8-98f5-ceecfa8741b6_story.html Fragmented Italian election result reveals power of populists]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.</ref> along with massive losses for the Italian left-wing.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (March 6, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/06/italy-election-aftermath-renzi-quits-center-left-disappears/ Italy Election Aftermath: Renzi Quits, Center-Left ‘Disappears’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.</ref> The party performed so well that in [[Sicily]] it won more seats than the number of candidates it put up in the region.<ref>Reale, Claudio (March 6, 2018). [http://palermo.repubblica.it/politica/2018/03/06/news/elezioni_vittoria_troppo_larga_per_m5s_piu_seggi_che_candidati_rischio_caselle_vuote-190568643/?ref=RHPPLF-BL-I0-C8-P4-S1.8-T2 Elezioni, vittoria troppo larga per M5S: in Sicilia più seggi che candidati]. ''Palermo''. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</ref> Overall, populist and Euroskeptic parties received over 50% of the popular vote.<ref>Multiple references:
*Birnbaum, Michael (March 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/italians-vote-amid-anger-toward-migrants-and-populist-energy/2018/03/04/bdf8b5b6-1cb3-11e8-98f5-ceecfa8741b6_story.html Fragmented Italian election result reveals power of populists]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.</ref> along with massive losses for the Italian left-wing.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (March 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/06/italy-election-aftermath-renzi-quits-center-left-disappears/ Italy Election Aftermath: Renzi Quits, Center-Left ‘Disappears’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.</ref> The party performed so well that in [[Sicily]] it won more seats than the number of candidates it put up in the region.<ref>Reale, Claudio (March 6, 2018). [http://palermo.repubblica.it/politica/2018/03/06/news/elezioni_vittoria_troppo_larga_per_m5s_piu_seggi_che_candidati_rischio_caselle_vuote-190568643/?ref=RHPPLF-BL-I0-C8-P4-S1.8-T2 Elezioni, vittoria troppo larga per M5S: in Sicilia più seggi che candidati]. ''Palermo''. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</ref> Overall, populist and Euroskeptic parties received over 50% of the popular vote.<ref>Multiple references:
*D'Emilio, Frances (March 5, 2018). [https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-03-05/italys-early-results-show-center-right-coalition-leads-vote Italy's Populist Parties Rule the Day, but Will They Rule?] ''U.S. News & World Report'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved March 23, 2018.
*D'Emilio, Frances (March 5, 2018). [https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-03-05/italys-early-results-show-center-right-coalition-leads-vote Italy's Populist Parties Rule the Day, but Will They Rule?] ''U.S. News & World Report'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved March 23, 2018.
*Birnbaum, Michael (March 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/italian-populists-declare-new-epoch-after-election-victory/2018/03/05/12885254-2096-11e8-946c-9420060cb7bd_story.html Italian populists declare new epoch after election victory]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
*Birnbaum, Michael (March 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/italian-populists-declare-new-epoch-after-election-victory/2018/03/05/12885254-2096-11e8-946c-9420060cb7bd_story.html Italian populists declare new epoch after election victory]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
*[https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21737972-forming-new-government-could-take-weeks-new-elections-may-be-needed-anti-eu-parties-make-big Anti-EU parties make big gains in the Italian general election]. ''The Economist''. March 5, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref> In May 2018, M5S anti-establishment [[Lega Nord]] agreed to a common platform, one that promoted strongly nationalist and anti-establishment policies.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21737972-forming-new-government-could-take-weeks-new-elections-may-be-needed-anti-eu-parties-make-big Anti-EU parties make big gains in the Italian general election]. ''The Economist''. March 5, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref> In May 2018, M5S anti-establishment [[Lega Nord]] agreed to a common platform, one that promoted strongly nationalist and anti-establishment policies.<ref>Multiple references:
*Shaw, Adam (May 19, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/05/19/italy-on-cusp-populist-coalition-after-parties-publish-radical-joint-program.html Italy on cusp of populist coalition after parties publish radical joint program]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
*Shaw, Adam (May 19, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/05/19/italy-on-cusp-populist-coalition-after-parties-publish-radical-joint-program.html Italy on cusp of populist coalition after parties publish radical joint program]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (May 18, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/18/italian-populists-publish-governing-contract-slams-failure-of-unsustainable-immigration/ Italian Populists Publish Governing Contract, Slams Failure of ‘Unsustainable’ Immigration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
*Lane, Oliver JJ (May 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/18/italian-populists-publish-governing-contract-slams-failure-of-unsustainable-immigration/ Italian Populists Publish Governing Contract, Slams Failure of ‘Unsustainable’ Immigration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
*Politi, James; Romei, Valentina (May 18, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/e0cd0f22-5a7c-11e8-bdb7-f6677d2e1ce8 Five Star and League strike Italy government deal]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.</ref> Both parties allowed their voters to choose whether they approved of the coalition agenda.<ref>Segreti, Giulia (May 20, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-ballot/italians-back-league-5-star-plan-as-groups-ready-government-team-idUSKCN1IL07X Italians back League, 5-Star plan as groups ready government team]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.<br>See also:
*Politi, James; Romei, Valentina (May 18, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/e0cd0f22-5a7c-11e8-bdb7-f6677d2e1ce8 Five Star and League strike Italy government deal]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.</ref> Both parties allowed their voters to choose whether they approved of the coalition agenda.<ref>Segreti, Giulia (May 20, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-ballot/italians-back-league-5-star-plan-as-groups-ready-government-team-idUSKCN1IL07X Italians back League, 5-Star plan as groups ready government team]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.<br>See also:
*Barigazzi, Jacopo (May 20, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-populist-government-5stars-league-approval-poll/ 6 out of 10 Italians approve of populist government: survey]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.</ref> Despite this, Italy's [[establishment]] president rejected the coalition government as it supported nominating a Euroskeptic finance minister.<ref>Multiple references:
*Barigazzi, Jacopo (May 20, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-populist-government-5stars-league-approval-poll/ 6 out of 10 Italians approve of populist government: survey]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.</ref> Despite this, Italy's [[establishment]] president rejected the coalition government as it supported nominating a Euroskeptic finance minister.<ref>Multiple references:
*Williams, Thomas D. (May 27, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/27/sabotage-italian-president-blocks-eurosceptic-coalition-govt-populist-leader-impeachment/ Sabotage: Italian President Blocks Eurosceptic Coalition Govt, Populist Leader Calls for Impeachment]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
*Williams, Thomas D. (May 27, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/27/sabotage-italian-president-blocks-eurosceptic-coalition-govt-populist-leader-impeachment/ Sabotage: Italian President Blocks Eurosceptic Coalition Govt, Populist Leader Calls for Impeachment]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
*Zampano, Giada (May 27, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/italys-premier-designate-steps-down-after-failed-cabinet-talks/ Italy’s president scotches populist governing alliance]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 27, 2018.</ref> However, a few days later, the two parties were able to reach a compromise with Italy's president and finalized their governing coalition.<ref>Multiple references:
*Zampano, Giada (May 27, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/italys-premier-designate-steps-down-after-failed-cabinet-talks/ Italy’s president scotches populist governing alliance]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 27, 2018.</ref> However, a few days later, the two parties were able to reach a compromise with Italy's president and finalized their governing coalition.<ref>Multiple references:
*Montgomery, Jack (May 31, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/31/breakthrough-populist-italian-govt-back-cards-five-star-lega-deal/ Breakthrough: Populist Italian Govt Back on the Cards as Five-Star and Lega Ink Fresh Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
*Montgomery, Jack (May 31, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/31/breakthrough-populist-italian-govt-back-cards-five-star-lega-deal/ Breakthrough: Populist Italian Govt Back on the Cards as Five-Star and Lega Ink Fresh Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
*Scherer, Steve; Jones, Gavin (May 31, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics/italys-anti-establishment-leaders-revive-governing-coalition-idUSKCN1IW0Z5 Italy's anti-establishment leaders revive governing coalition]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
*Scherer, Steve; Jones, Gavin (May 31, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics/italys-anti-establishment-leaders-revive-governing-coalition-idUSKCN1IW0Z5 Italy's anti-establishment leaders revive governing coalition]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
*Barry, Colleen (May 31, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/0a1896978c1c436c9a94cf345b7c9381/Italy-gets-western-Europe's-1st-populist-govt-on-second-try Italy gets western Europe’s 1st populist govt on second try]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
*Barry, Colleen (May 31, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/0a1896978c1c436c9a94cf345b7c9381/Italy-gets-western-Europe's-1st-populist-govt-on-second-try Italy gets western Europe’s 1st populist govt on second try]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
*Horowitz, Jason (May 31, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/31/world/europe/italy-government-populists.html Italy's Populist Parties Win Approval to Form Government]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.</ref> The new government, Western Europe's first one completely run by populist and anti-establishment parties, was sworn in on June 1, 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
*Horowitz, Jason (May 31, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/31/world/europe/italy-government-populists.html Italy's Populist Parties Win Approval to Form Government]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.</ref> The new government, Western Europe's first one completely run by populist and anti-establishment parties, was sworn in on June 1, 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
*Montgomery, Jack (June 1, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/06/01/brussels-defeated-populist-coalition-takes-office-in-italy-eurosceptic-savona-returns-as-eu-affairs-minister/ BRUSSELS BEATEN: Populist Coalition Takes Office in Italy, Eurosceptic Savona Returns as EU Affairs Minister]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
*Montgomery, Jack (June 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/06/01/brussels-defeated-populist-coalition-takes-office-in-italy-eurosceptic-savona-returns-as-eu-affairs-minister/ BRUSSELS BEATEN: Populist Coalition Takes Office in Italy, Eurosceptic Savona Returns as EU Affairs Minister]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
*D'Emilio, Frances (June 1, 2018). [https://apnews.com/15605caac2ac4963bc4d36d388067b14/Italian-populists-sworn-into-power-as-euroskeptics-cheer Populists take power in Italy, with euro-skeptic agenda]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
*D'Emilio, Frances (June 1, 2018). [https://apnews.com/15605caac2ac4963bc4d36d388067b14/Italian-populists-sworn-into-power-as-euroskeptics-cheer Populists take power in Italy, with euro-skeptic agenda]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
*Jones, Gavin; Di Giorgio, Massimiliano (June 1, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics/italys-conte-sworn-in-as-pm-of-anti-establishment-government-idUSKCN1IX49T Italy's Conte sworn in as PM of anti-establishment government]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
*Jones, Gavin; Di Giorgio, Massimiliano (June 1, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics/italys-conte-sworn-in-as-pm-of-anti-establishment-government-idUSKCN1IX49T Italy's Conte sworn in as PM of anti-establishment government]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.