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[[Image:Gal io3 48584.jpg|thumb|250 px|left|Sodium cloud released by volcano Prometheus on Io]]The tremendous observed flexing during a sidereal month of less than two Julian days would be expected to heat the mantle tremendously. In fact, Io is known to radiate heat at a power level of about 125 TW on average. This yields a heat flow per surface area of 2.5 W/m².<ref name=solarviews2/>
[[Image:Gal io3 48584.jpg|thumb|250 px|left|Sodium cloud released by volcano Prometheus on Io]]The tremendous observed flexing during a sidereal month of less than two Julian days would be expected to heat the mantle tremendously. In fact, Io is known to radiate heat at a power level of about 125 TW on average. This yields a heat flow per surface area of 2.5 W/m².<ref name=solarviews2/>
Yet the tremendous heat of Io's volcanoes is not fully understood or explained. If uniformitarian theories are correct and Io is millions of years old, the innumerable tidal-flexing cycles should have lowered Io's melting point so that it would not produce such hot lava flows. The high temperatures observed are in fact consistent with basaltic lava flows that most uniformitarians think occurred billions of years ago on [[Earth]]. No volcano on Earth today is as hot as are some of the volcanoes now on Io.<ref name=Phillips>Phillips, Tony. "[http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast04oct99_1.htm Io's Alien Volcanoes: Galileo Heads for a Sizzling Encounter]." ''Space Science News'', October 4, 1999. Accessed February 18, 2008.</ref>
Yet the tremendous heat of Io's volcanoes is not fully understood or explained. If uniformitarian theories are correct and Io is millions of years old, the innumerable tidal-flexing cycles should have lowered Io's melting point so that it would not produce such hot lava flows. The high temperatures observed are in fact consistent with basaltic lava flows that most uniformitarians think occurred billions of years ago on [[Earth]]. No volcano on Earth today is as hot as are some of the volcanoes now on Io.<ref name=Phillips>Phillips, Tony. "[https://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/ast04oct99_1.htm Io's Alien Volcanoes: Galileo Heads for a Sizzling Encounter]." ''Space Science News'', October 4, 1999. Accessed February 18, 2008.</ref>
=== Mountains ===
=== Mountains ===