Before ''Annales,'' French history supposedly happened in Paris. Febvre broke decisively with this paradigm in 1912, with his sweeping doctoral thesis on ''Philippe II et la Franche-Comté.'' The geography and social structure overwhelmed and shaped the king's policies.
The ''Annales'' historians did not try to replicate Braudel's vast geographical scope in ''La Méditerranée.'' Instead they focused on regions in France over long stretches of time. The most important was the study of the ''Peasants of Languedoc'' by Braudel's star pupil and successorm [[Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie]].<ref>Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, ''The Peasants of Languedoc,'' (1966, translated 1977) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Peasants-Languedoc-Emmanuel-Roy-Ladurie/dp/0252006356/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197882980&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]</ref> The regionalist tradition flourished especially in the 1960s and 1970s in the work of Pierre Goubert in 1960 on Beauvais and René Baehrel on Basse-Provence. ''Annales'' historians in the 1970s and 1980s turned to urban regions, including Pierre Deyon (Amiens), Maurice Garden (Lyons), Jean-Pierre Bardet (Rouen), Georges Freche (Toulouse), and Jean-Claude Perrot (Caen). By the 1970s the shift was underway from the earlier economic history to cultural history and the history of mentalities.<ref>Ernst Hinrichs, "Provinzen, Landschaften, Regionen in Der Modernen Französischen Geschichtswissenschaft - Ein Essay," ''Blätter Für Deutsche Landesgeschichte'' 1994 130: 1-12. Issn: 0006-4408 Fulltext: [http://mdz1.bib-bvb.de/cocoon/bdlg/Blatt_bsb00000334,00007.html online edition]</ref>
==Impact outside France==
==Bibliography==
* Burguière, André. ''The Annales School: An Intellectual History'' (2009) 328pp
* Burke, Peter. ''The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School 1929-89,'' (1990), the major study in English [httphttps://www.amazon.com/French-Historical-Revolution-Contemporary-Thinkers/dp/0804718369/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197752813&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Carrard, Philippe. "Figuring France: The Numbers and Tropes of Fernand Braudel," ''Diacritics'', Vol. 18, No. 3 (Autumn, 1988), pp. 2–19 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0300-7162(198823)18%3A3%3C2%3AFFTNAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6 in JSTOR]
* Carrard, Philippe. ''Poetics of the New History: French Historical Discourse from Braudel to Chartier,'' (1992)
* Clark, Stuart, ed. ''The Annales School: Critical Assessments'' (4 vol, 1999)
* Dewald, Jonathan. ''Lost Worlds: The Emergence of French Social History, 1815–1970'' (2006) 250pp [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Lost-Worlds-Emergence-History-1815-1970/dp/0271028904/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197977780&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]* Dosse, Francois. ''New History in France: The Triumph of the Annales,'' (1994, first French edition, 1987) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/New-History-France-TRIUMPH-ANNALES/dp/0252063732/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197752869&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]* Fink, Carole. ''Marc Bloch: A Life in History,'' (1989) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Marc-Bloch-History-Canto-original/dp/0521406714/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197754352&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Forster, Robert. "Achievements of the Annales School," ''The Journal of Economic History,'' Vol. 38, No. 1, (Mar., 1978), pp. 58–76 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0507(197803)38%3A1%3C58%3AAOTAS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R in JSTOR]
* Friedman, Susan W. ''Marc Bloch, Sociology and Geography: Encountering Changing Disciplines'' (1996) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Marc-Bloch-Sociology-Geography-Encountering/dp/0521561574/ref=sr_1_11?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197754555&sr=1-11 excerpt and text search]
* Hexter, J. H. "Fernand Braudel and the Monde Braudellien," ''Journal of Modern History,'' 1972, vol. 44, pp. 480–539 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2801(197212)44%3A4%3C480%3AFBATMB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6 in JSTOR]
* Hufton, Olwen. "Fernand Braudel", ''Past and Present,'' No. 112. (Aug., 1986), pp. 208–213. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0031-2746(198608)112%3C208%3AFB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-7 in JSTOR]
* Iggers, G.G. ''Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge'' (1997), ch.5
* Rubin, Miri. ''The Work of Jacques Le Goff and the Challenges of Medieval History'' (1997) 272 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=Kwdr0Ws3KjwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:Miri+inauthor:Rubin&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&ei=1LdnR-74OIWCtgOw0-WfAw&sig=LSYI-99vMK5s_sstLuWeCjsc3jw excerpts and text search]
* Moon, David. "Fernand Braudel and the Annales School" [httphttps://www.scribd.com/doc/185264/Fernand-Braudel-and-the-Annales-School online edition]
* Roberts, Michael. "The Annales school and historical writing." in Peter Lambert and Phillipp Schofield, eds. ''Making History: An Introduction to the History and Practices of a Discipline.'' (2004), pp 78–92 [http://www.questia.com/read/107980518# online edition]
* Stirling, Katherine. "Rereading Marc Bloch: the Life and Works of a Visionary Modernist." ''History Compass'' 2007 5(2): 525-538. Issn: 1478-0542 Fulltext: [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com.proxy.cc.uic.edu/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2007.00409.x History Compass]
* Ariès, Philippe et al. eds, ''A History of Private Life'' (5 vols. 1987-94)
* Bloch, Marc. ''Les Rois Thaumaturges'' (1924), translated as ''The Royal Touch: Monarchy and Miracles in France and England'' (1990)
* Bloch, Marc. ''Feudal Society: Vol 1: The Growth and Ties of Dependence'' (1989); ''Feudal Society: Vol 2: Social Classes and Political Organisation''(1989) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Feudal-Society-Classes-Political-Organisation/dp/0415039185/ref=sr_1_17?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197756316&sr=8-17 excerpt and text search]
* Bloch, Marc. ''French Rural History an Essay on Its Basic Characteristics'' (1972)
* Braudel, Fernand. ''La Méditerranée et le Monde Méditerranéen à l'Epoque de Philippe II'' (1949) (translated as ''The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II'' [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Mediterranean-World-Age-Philip-Vol/dp/0520203089/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197885241&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search vol. 1]) * Braudel, Fernand. ''Civilisation Matérielle, Economie et Capitalisme XVe-XVIIIe Siècle'' (3 vol. 1979) (translated as ''Capitalism and Material Life''; [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Civilization-Capitalism-15th-18th-Century-Vol/dp/0520081145/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197885337&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search vol. 1]; [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Perspective-World-Civilization-Capitalism-15Th-18th/dp/0520081161/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197885337&sr=1-6 excerpt and text search vol 3])
* Burguière, André, and Jacques Revel. ''Histoire de la France'' (1989), textbook
* Chartier, Roger. ''Inscription and Erasure: Literature and Written Culture from the Eleventh to the Eighteenth Century'' (2007) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Inscription-Erasure-Literature-Eleventh-Eighteenth/dp/0812239954/ref=pd_bbs_sr_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208553249&sr=8-5 excerpt and text search]
* Earle, P., ed. ''Essays in European Economic History, 1500-1800,'' (1974), translated articles from ''Annales''
* Ferro, Marc, ed. ''Social Historians in Contemporary France: Essays from "Annales",'' (1972)
* Goubert, Pierre. ''The French Peasantry in the Seventeenth Century'' (1986) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/French-Peasantry-Seventeenth-Century/dp/0521312698/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197944763&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
* Goubert, Pierre. ''The Ancien Regime, 1600-1750'' (1974)
* Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel. ''Montaillou: Cathars and Catholics in a French Village, 1294-1324'' (1978) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Montaillou-Promised-Emmanuel-LeRoy-Ladurie/dp/0394729641/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197944872&sr=8-6 excerpt and text search]* Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel. ''The Peasants of Languedoc'' (1966; English translation 1974) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Peasants-Languedoc-Emmanuel-Roy-Ladurie/dp/0252006356/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197945162&sr=8-2ext search]
===Historiography from the school===
* Bloch, Marc. ''Méthodologie Historique'' (1988); originally conceived in 1906 but not published until 1988; revised in 1996
* Bloch, Marc. ''Apologie pour l'histoire ou Métier d'historien'' (1949), translated as ''The Historian's Craft'' (1953) [https://books.google.com/books?id=YZdCcT_1Z8YC&pg=PP1&dq=intitle:The+intitle:Historian%27s+intitle:Craft+inauthor:bloch&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&ei=ObJnR7LDFIiUtgPAxdyhAw&sig=MM6otw23Cw_plPOu12kJ77tMJLw excerpt of 1992 introduction by Peter Burke, and text search]
* Braudel, Fernand. ''Ecrits sur l'histoire'' (1969), reprinted essays; translated as ''On History,'' (1980 [httphttps://www.amazon.com/History-Fernand-Braudel/dp/0226071510/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197753580&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
* Braudel, Fernand. "Histoire et Science Sociale: La Longue Durée" (1958) ''Annales E.S.C.,'' 13:4 Oct.-Déc. 1958, 725-753
* Braudel, Fernand. "Personal Testimony." ''Journal of Modern History'' 1972 44(4): 448-467. Issn: 0022-2801 Fulltext: [http://www.jstor.org.proxy.cc.uic.edu/view/00222801/di955004/95p0416f/0 Jstor]
* Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel. ''The Territory of the Historian'' (1979)
* Le Goff, Jacques and Paul Archambault. "An Interview with Jacques Le Goff." ''Historical Reflections'' 1995 21(1): 155-185. Issn: 0315-7997
* Le Goff, Jacques, ''History and Memory' (1996) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/History-Memory-Jacques-Goff/dp/023107591X/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197942849&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search]
* Revel, Jacques, and Lynn Hunt, eds. ''Histories: French Constructions of the Past,'' (1995).
* Revel, Jacques, ed. ''Political Uses of the Past: The Recent Mediterranean Experiences'' (2002) [httphttps://www.amazon.com/Political-Uses-Past-Mediterranean-Experiences/dp/0714682446/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197942849&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Vovelle, M. ''Ideologies and Mentalities'' (1990)