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== Deep Ecology ==

== Deep Ecology ==

Deep ecology is an environmental movement that rejects [[modern]] culture and seeks to include non-human life in the moral circle.  They find the cause of the current ecological crisis in the modern attitude towards the environment.  The theory can be defined as the following principles;

Deep ecology is an environmental movement that rejects [[modern]] culture and seeks to include non-human life in the moral circle.  They find the cause of the current ecological crisis in the modern attitude towards the environment.  The theory can be defined as the following principles;

1. The well-being and flourishing of human and non-human life on Earth have value in themselves. These values are independent of the usefulness of the non-human world for human purposes.  

# The well-being and flourishing of human and non-human life on Earth have value in themselves. These values are independent of the usefulness of the non-human world for human purposes.  

2. Richness and diversity of life forms contribute to the realization of these values and are also values in themselves.  

# Richness and diversity of life forms contribute to the realization of these values and are also values in themselves.  

3. Humans have no right to reduce this richness and diversity except to satisfy vital needs.  

# Humans have no right to reduce this richness and diversity except to satisfy vital needs.  

4. The flourishing of human life and cultures is compatible with a substantial decrease of the human population. The flourishing of non-human life requires such a decrease.  

# The flourishing of human life and cultures is compatible with a substantial decrease of the human population. The flourishing of non-human life requires such a decrease.  

5. Present human interference with the non-human world is excessive, and the situation is rapidly worsening.  

# Present human interference with the non-human world is excessive, and the situation is rapidly worsening.  

6. Policies must therefore be changed. The changes in policies affect basic economic, technological, and ideological structures. The resulting state of affairs will be deeply different from the present.  

# Policies must therefore be changed. The changes in policies affect basic economic, technological, and ideological structures. The resulting state of affairs will be deeply different from the present.  

7. The ideological change is mainly that of appreciating quality (dwelling in situations of inherent worth) rather than adhering to an increasingly higher standard of living. There will be a profound awareness of the difference between big and great.  

# The ideological change is mainly that of appreciating quality (dwelling in situations of inherent worth) rather than adhering to an increasingly higher standard of living. There will be a profound awareness of the difference between big and great.  

8. Those who subscribe to the foregoing points have an obligation directly or indirectly to participate in the attempt to implement the necessary changes.

# Those who subscribe to the foregoing points have an obligation directly or indirectly to participate in the attempt to implement the necessary changes.

Issues that arise from the practise of this theory is where one life form needs another life form as food.  Such an example may include humans needing to eat a cow, how would a deep ecologist jusitify this?

Issues that arise from the practice of this theory is where one life form needs another life form as food.  Such an example may include humans needing to eat a cow, how would a deep ecologist justify this?

== The Concept of Sustainability ==

== The Concept of Sustainability ==