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|arab=الحرم القدسي الشريف
|arab=الحرم القدسي الشريف
|arabr=al-Haram al-Qudsī ash-Sharīf (Noble Sanctuary)
|arabr=al-Haram al-Qudsī ash-Sharīf (Noble Sanctuary)
}}The '''Temple Mount''', biblical Mount Moriah, is a hill in the Old City of [[Jerusalem]]. It is the former site of a Jewish temple built by King Solomon in the mid-tenth century BC. The temple was rebuilt by King Herod of Judea in the first century BC. When Jesus went to temple, he angrily overturned the tables of the money changers. The Roman commander Titus destroyed the temple in 70 AD during a Jewish revolt against Roman rule. Roman Emperor Hadrian built a Temple to Jupiter around 135. This temple was destroyed by Emperor Constantine in 325.
}}The '''Temple Mount''', biblical Mount Moriah, is a hill in the Old City of [[Jerusalem]]. It is the former site of a Jewish temple built by King Solomon in 957 BC. The temple was destroyed by King Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylonia in 587/586 BC.<ref>{{bibleverse|2|Kings|25:9|ESV}}</ref> It was rebuilt by Zerubbabel under Cyrus in 515 BC<ref>{{bibleverse||Ezra|5:2-5|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Ezra|6:3-5|ESV}}.</ref> and by King Herod of Judea in the first century BC. When Jesus went to temple, he angrily overturned the tables of the money changers. The Roman commander Titus destroyed the temple in 70 AD during a Jewish revolt against Roman rule. Roman Emperor Hadrian built a Temple to Jupiter around 135. This temple was destroyed by Emperor Constantine in 325.
The [[Dome of the Rock]], an Islamic shrine, was built by the Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik in 691. The al-Aqsa Mosque was built about 710. As the site of Muhammad's ascension to heaven, al-Aqsa is considered to be the third holiest site in Islam. Although the Temple Mount was captured by the Israelis in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, it is still managed by an Islamic religious authority called the Waqf.
The [[Dome of the Rock]], an Islamic shrine, was built by the Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik in 691. The al-Aqsa Mosque was built about 710. As the site of Muhammad's ascension to heaven, al-Aqsa is considered to be the third holiest site in Islam. Although the Temple Mount was captured by the Israelis in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, it is still managed by an Islamic religious authority called the Waqf.
"The most probable site of the Temple is just west of the "Dome of the Rock"," according to the ''Jewish Encyclopedia''.<ref name=barton>Executive Committee of the Editorial Board., George A. Barton, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14310-temple-of-solomon Temple of Solomon]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.</ref> In Jewish tradition, the rock is the "foundation stone." It is connected to creation,<ref>{{bibleverse||Job|38:4|ESV}}.</ref> the binding of Isaac,<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:2|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Genesis|22:14|ESV}}.</ref> and to various other things.<ref>Kohler, Kaufmann, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4665-corner-stone Corner-Stone]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.<br/>See mishnas [https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Sanhedrin 26b:5] and [https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Yoma 54b:2].</ref> In Isaiah and Psalms, the foundation stone is a metaphor for God's covenant with Israel.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|28:16|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Psalms|118:22|ESV}}. The passage in Psalms was a favorite of the gospel writers. It was quoted in {{bibleverse||Matthew|21:42|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|12:10|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|20:17|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse||Acts|4:11|ESV}}.</ref>
"The most probable site of the Temple is just west of the "Dome of the Rock"," according to the ''Jewish Encyclopedia''.<ref name=barton>Executive Committee of the Editorial Board., George A. Barton, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14310-temple-of-solomon Temple of Solomon]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.</ref> In Jewish tradition, the rock is the "foundation stone." It is connected to creation,<ref>{{bibleverse||Job|38:4|ESV}}.</ref> the binding of Isaac,<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:2|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Genesis|22:14|ESV}}.</ref> and to various other things.<ref>Kohler, Kaufmann, "[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4665-corner-stone Corner-Stone]," ''Jewish Encyclopedia'', 1906.<br/>See mishnas [https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.26b.5?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Sanhedrin 26b:5] and [https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.54b.2?ven=William_Davidson_Edition_-_English&lang=bi Yoma 54b:2].</ref> In Isaiah and Psalms, the foundation stone is a metaphor for God's covenant with Israel.<ref>{{bibleverse||Isaiah|28:16|ESV}} and {{bibleverse||Psalms|118:22|ESV}}. The passage in Psalms was a favorite of the gospel writers. It was quoted in {{bibleverse||Matthew|21:42|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|12:10|ESV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|20:17|ESV}}, and {{bibleverse||Acts|4:11|ESV}}.</ref>
The earliest report that indicates that this site was sacred to Jews is from the Bordeaux Pilgrim, who visited Jerusalem around 333. This was soon after Constantine destroyed the Temple of Jupiter that Hadrian built. The pilgrim referred to the rock as a "pierced stone":{{cquote|And in that building where the Temple was, which Solomon built, in the marble before the altar is the blood of Zechariah which you would say was shed today; indeed, there appear to be traces of the soldier's boots, who killed him, throughout the area, such that you would think they had been pressed in wax. There are two status of Hadrian; not far from the statues is a pierced stone to the Jews comes every year and they anoint it and they lament with a groan and they tear their garments and then they withdraw.<ref>"[http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html The Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333 C.E.) Translation by Andrew S. Jacobs]"</ref>}} This scene suggests a verse in Zechariah of Jews weeping over, "him whom they have pierced."<ref>Zechariah 12:10.</ref> Zechariah's temple was ancient history at this point. This passage may refer to Hadrian's temple, renovated to show Christian pilgrims.
The earliest report that indicates that this site was sacred to Jews is from the Bordeaux Pilgrim, who visited Jerusalem around 333. This was soon after Constantine destroyed the Temple of Jupiter that Hadrian built. The pilgrim referred to the rock as a "pierced stone":{{cquote|And in that building where the Temple was, which Solomon built, in the marble before the altar is the blood of Zechariah which you would say was shed today; indeed, there appear to be traces of the soldier's boots, who killed him, throughout the area, such that you would think they had been pressed in wax. There are two status of Hadrian; not far from the statues is a pierced stone to the Jews comes every year and they anoint it and they lament with a groan and they tear their garments and then they withdraw.<ref>"[http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html The Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333 C.E.) Translation by Andrew S. Jacobs]"</ref>}} This scene suggests a verse in Zechariah of Jews weeping over, "him whom they have pierced."<ref>{{bibleverse||Zechariah|12:10|ESV}}.</ref> Zechariah's temple was ancient history at this point. This passage may refer to Hadrian's temple, renovated to show Christian pilgrims.
After conquering Jerusalem, the Arabs built the Dome of the Rock in 691. The building is connected to the sanctuary in Jewish literature beginning with ''Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer'', written shortly after 833.<ref>Friedlander, Gerald, Pirkê de rabbi Eliezer, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & co. Ltd., London, 1916, p. 221. "[The Arabs] will fence in the breaches of the walls of the Temple and construct a building on the site of the sanctuary."</ref> In the 12th century, the dome was the headquarters of the [[Knights Templar]], a crusader order.
After conquering Jerusalem, the Arabs built the Dome of the Rock in 691. The building is connected to the sanctuary in Jewish literature beginning with ''Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer'', written shortly after 833.<ref>Friedlander, Gerald, Pirkê de rabbi Eliezer, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & co. Ltd., London, 1916, p. 221. "[The Arabs] will fence in the breaches of the walls of the Temple and construct a building on the site of the sanctuary."</ref> In the 12th century, the dome was the headquarters of the [[Knights Templar]], a crusader order.