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'''Charles II''' - king of [[England]] and [[Scotland]] from 1649 to 1685 - was the oldest son of [[Charles I]]. he He was born ion May 29, 1630. He instituted the Restoration of the monarchy in 1659 after the demise of [[Oliver Cromwell]] and established the rights of prisoners not to be held unless there was a good reason (the [[Habeas Corpus Act]]) in 1679. The first political parties, the [[Whigs]] and the [[Tories]], were formed during Charles's reign.