Changes

== History of the term ==

== History of the term ==

 

The first modern use of the word was by CIA operative Edgar Hunter. He used it to describe "re-education" or [[rectification]] practices used on prisoners of war by the [[Communist Chinese]] during the [[Korean War]].<ref name=Hunter>Hunter E, "'Brain-Washing' Tactics Force Chinese into Ranks of Communist Party," ''Miami News'', September 24, 1950. Cited by John Marks, "The Search for the Manchurian Candidate", ch. 8 ("Brainwashing"), in ''The Psychedelic Library''. <http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/lsd/marks8.htm></ref> The chief concern was that seventy percent of American [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] had confessed to various activities, including without limitation the use of biological agents, that fall under the category of "[[war crime]]s." Another fifteen percent collaborated actively with their captors, and only five percent resisted to the end. All prisoners had been subject to often brutal interrogation techniques, including sleep deprivation.

The first modern use of the word was by CIA operative Edgar Hunter. He used it to describe "re-education" or [[rectification]] practices used on prisoners of war by the [[Communist Chinese]] during the [[Korean War]].<ref name=Hunter>Hunter E, "'Brain-Washing' Tactics Force Chinese into Ranks of Communist Party," ''Miami News'', September 24, 1950. Cited by John Marks, "The Search for the Manchurian Candidate", ch. 8 ("Brainwashing"), in ''The Psychedelic Library''. <http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/lsd/marks8.htm></ref> The chief concern was that seventy percent of American [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] had confessed to various activities, including without limitation the use of biological agents, that fall under the category of "[[war crime]]s." Another fifteen percent collaborated actively with their captors, and only five percent resisted to the end. All prisoners had been subject to often brutal interrogation techniques, including sleep deprivation.