Changes

In 1972, Gallinghouse obtained an indictment for [[bribery]] against  Crawford Hugh "Sammy" Downs, a former state senator from [[Alexandria, Louisiana|Alexandria]] and director of the Louisiana Department of Public Works under Governor [[John J. McKeithen]], for Downs' role in the Shoup Voting Machine Corporation scandal.<ref name=nosi/> Downs benefited from a [[hung jury]], which blocked his conviction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/G%20Disk/Garrison%20Jim/Garrison%20Jim%20Criminal%20Trial%201973/Item%20080.pdf|author=[[Bill Lynch]]|title=Garrison case results in acquittal|publisher=''the New Orleans States-Item|date= October 2, 1973|publisher=''New Orleans States-Item''|accessdate=June 28, 2013}}</ref>

In 1972, Gallinghouse obtained an indictment for [[bribery]] against  Crawford Hugh "Sammy" Downs, a former state senator from [[Alexandria, Louisiana|Alexandria]] and director of the Louisiana Department of Public Works under Governor [[John J. McKeithen]], for Downs' role in the Shoup Voting Machine Corporation scandal.<ref name=nosi/> Downs benefited from a [[hung jury]], which blocked his conviction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/G%20Disk/Garrison%20Jim/Garrison%20Jim%20Criminal%20Trial%201973/Item%20080.pdf|author=[[Bill Lynch]]|title=Garrison case results in acquittal|publisher=''the New Orleans States-Item|date= October 2, 1973|publisher=''New Orleans States-Item''|accessdate=June 28, 2013}}</ref>

Gallinghouse moved against Lewis Johnson, a New Orleans builder, major contributor to Governor [[Edwin Edwards]], and a former highway department commissioner, convicted of [[income tax]] evasion.<ref name=crider/> In 1973, Gallinghouse prosecuted Orleans Parish District Attorney [[Jim Garrison]] for bribery involving pinball machines, but Garrison was acquitted and is most remembered for his criticism of the [[Warren Commission]], formed to investigate the assassination of [[U.S. President]] [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref name=crider/>

Gallinghouse moved against Lewis Johnson, a New Orleans builder, major contributor to Governor [[Edwin Edwards]], and a former highway department commissioner, convicted of [[income tax]] evasion.<ref name=crider/> In 1973, Gallinghouse prosecuted Orleans Parish District Attorney James Carothers "Jim" Garrison (born Earling Carothers Garrison; 1921-1992) for bribery involving pinball machines, but Garrison was acquitted and is most remembered for his criticism of the [[Warren Commission]], formed to investigate the assassination of President [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref name=crider/>

In 1977, in an investigation of vote fraud, Gallinghouse forced the freshman Democratic U.S. Representative [[Richard Alvin Tonry]] of Louisiana's 1st congressional district to resign. Twenty-one polling commissioners pleaded guilty to having cast fraudulent votes for Tonry in the 1976 [[general election]] against the Republican attorney [[Bob Livingston]]. Tonry served six months in the Federal Prison Camp in [[Montgomery|], Alabama, not for vote fraud, but for accepting individual campaign contributions in excess of the then $1,000 allowable limit.<ref name=crider/> Livingston then won the [[special election]] held in August 1977 to succeed Tonry but left Congress under a cloud in 1999.

In 1977, in an investigation of vote fraud, Gallinghouse forced the resignation of freshman Democratic U.S. Representative Richard Alvin Tonry (1935-2012) of Louisiana's 1st congressional district in the New Orleans [[suburb]]s. Twenty-one polling commissioners pleaded guilty to having cast fraudulent votes for Tonry in the 1976 [[general election]] against the Republican attorney [[Bob Livingston]]. Tonry served six months in the Federal Prison Camp in [[Montgomery|], Alabama, not for vote fraud, but for accepting individual campaign contributions in excess of the then $1,000 allowable limit.<ref name=crider/> Livingston then won the [[special election]] held in August 1977 to succeed Tonry but left Congress under a cloud in 1999.

Gallinghouse also exposed in the middle 1970s what became known as the Great Grain Scandal, which netted seventy-one convictions on fraud charges. Four large grain companies pleaded no contest and paid the maximum fines permitted of $10,000.<ref name=crider/> Dishonest inspectors began asking for modest, undetected kickbacks from the shippers to get grain approved for entry, but as business boomed, some were seeking $5,000 in bribes per ship.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PTQQQECdT4QC&pg=PA271&lpg=PA271&dq=Gerald+J.+Gallinghouse+of+New+Orleans&source=bl&ots=eSwuX3dRA9&sig=UYnrfvBwFfCdbsYXUcBRPP-zea4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tu_OUZHELoTo8gSBlYA4&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=Gerald%20J.%20Gallinghouse%20of%20New%20Orleans&f=false|author=Heinz Dietrich Fischer, ed|title=National Reporting, 1941-1986, Vo. 2 (Labor Conflicts)|page=271|publisher=[[New York City]]: K. G. Saur|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref> As a result of these cases, Congress established a new system of grain inspections. Gallinghouse's work in this case brought favorable comments from [[U.S. Senator]] [[Hubert H. Humphrey]] of [[Minnesota]], the Democrat who had lost the 1968 election to Gallinghouse's patron, Richard Nixon.<ref name=crider/>

Gallinghouse also exposed in the middle 1970s what became known as the Great Grain Scandal, which netted seventy-one convictions on fraud charges. Four large grain companies pleaded no contest and paid the maximum fines permitted of $10,000.<ref name=crider/> Dishonest inspectors began asking for modest, undetected kickbacks from the shippers to get grain approved for entry, but as business boomed, some were seeking $5,000 in bribes per ship.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PTQQQECdT4QC&pg=PA271&lpg=PA271&dq=Gerald+J.+Gallinghouse+of+New+Orleans&source=bl&ots=eSwuX3dRA9&sig=UYnrfvBwFfCdbsYXUcBRPP-zea4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tu_OUZHELoTo8gSBlYA4&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBDgK#v=onepage&q=Gerald%20J.%20Gallinghouse%20of%20New%20Orleans&f=false|author=Heinz Dietrich Fischer, ed|title=National Reporting, 1941-1986, Vo. 2 (Labor Conflicts)|page=271|publisher=[[New York City]]: K. G. Saur|accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref> As a result of these cases, Congress established a new system of grain inspections. Gallinghouse's work in this case brought favorable comments from [[U.S. Senator]] [[Hubert H. Humphrey]] of [[Minnesota]], the Democrat who had lost the 1968 election to Gallinghouse's patron, Richard Nixon.<ref name=crider/>

Some of his investigations were stymied after Congress created the new[United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana, based in Baton Rouge, in order to reduce the caseload of the Eastern District. The change removed nine parishes, including the largest one, [[Baton Rouge|East Baton Rouge Parish]] from Gallinghouse's jurisdiction. Gallinghouse persuaded the federal district judges to permit him to continue his jurisdiction in those nine parishes on the cases already under investigation. Much of the focus center on East Baton Rouge Parish.<ref name=nosi/>

Some of his investigations were stymied after Congress created the new[United States District Court for the Middle District of Louisiana, based in Baton Rouge, in order to reduce the caseload of the Eastern District. The change removed nine parishes, including the largest one, [[Baton Rouge|East Baton Rouge Parish]] from Gallinghouse's jurisdiction. Gallinghouse persuaded the federal district judges to permit him to continue his jurisdiction in those nine parishes on the cases already under investigation. Much of the focus center on East Baton Rouge Parish.<ref name=nosi/>

In September 1980, President [[Jimmy Carter]] invoked the [[Ethics in Government Act of 1978]] to name Gallinghouse as a special prosecutor to investigate reports that Carter's campaign manager and former appointments secretary, [[Timothy Kraft]], had formerly used [[cocaine]].  In the midst of the race against [[Ronald W. Reagan]], Kraft, who was known in [[Washington, D.C.]], for his flamboyant life-style, stepped down to avoid attention to his own legal troubles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,952778,00.html|title="Nation: Kraft Drops Out", September 29, 1980|publisher=''[[Time Magazine]]''|accessdate=June 29, 2013|date=September 29, 1980}}</ref> Gallinghouse cleared Kraft of the allegation. A year earlier, another special prosecutor had similarly cleared Carter's chief of staff, [[Hamilton Jordan]], of the same charge, but in a non-election year, Jordan had not been compelled to resign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/03/us/78-ethics-act-sets-procedure-in-such-cases.html|title='78 Ethics Act Sets Procedure in Such Cases|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|accessdate=June 29, 2013|date=April 3, 1984}}</ref>

In September 1980, President [[Jimmy Carter]] invoked the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 to name Gallinghouse as a special prosecutor to investigate reports that Carter's campaign manager and former appointments secretary, Timothy Kraft, had formerly used [[cocaine]].  In the midst of the race against [[Ronald W. Reagan]], Kraft, who was known in [[Washington, D.C.]], for his flamboyant life-style, stepped down to avoid attention to his own legal troubles.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,952778,00.html|title="Nation: Kraft Drops Out", September 29, 1980|publisher=''[[Time Magazine]]''|accessdate=June 29, 2013|date=September 29, 1980}}</ref> Gallinghouse cleared Kraft of the allegation. A year earlier, another special prosecutor had similarly cleared Carter's chief of staff, Hamilton Jordan, of the same charge, but in a non-election year, Jordan had not been compelled to resign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/03/us/78-ethics-act-sets-procedure-in-such-cases.html|title='78 Ethics Act Sets Procedure in Such Cases|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|accessdate=June 29, 2013|date=April 3, 1984}}</ref>

==Legacy==

==Legacy==