Changes

As a set of institutions, the EU has more powers over its member states and their citizens than other international bodies; many of its competencies are supranational (above the member states) rather than intergovernmental (between them).  Despite having a legal personality and sovereignty in agreed areas, it is not regarded as a federation or state in its own right: rather, it stands somewhere between these two points.  Unlike most democratic unions that are formed from the [[grassroots]] up, the European Union was imposed on the people of Europe from the top down by oligarchs and bureaucrats.  Fifteen member states use a common currency, the '''[[euro]]'''.<ref>Five other states formally agree to use it, and four others use it without formal agreement.</ref> The EU is moving in the direction of eventually becoming a politically unified federation, something which many of its leaders consciously support.<ref>Newman, Alex (August 20, 2013). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/item/16343-the-eu-regionalization-trumps-sovereignty The EU: Regionalization Trumps Sovereignty]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 25, 2017.</ref>  

As a set of institutions, the EU has more powers over its member states and their citizens than other international bodies; many of its competencies are supranational (above the member states) rather than intergovernmental (between them).  Despite having a legal personality and sovereignty in agreed areas, it is not regarded as a federation or state in its own right: rather, it stands somewhere between these two points.  Unlike most democratic unions that are formed from the [[grassroots]] up, the European Union was imposed on the people of Europe from the top down by oligarchs and bureaucrats.  Fifteen member states use a common currency, the '''[[euro]]'''.<ref>Five other states formally agree to use it, and four others use it without formal agreement.</ref> The EU is moving in the direction of eventually becoming a politically unified federation, something which many of its leaders consciously support.<ref>Newman, Alex (August 20, 2013). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/item/16343-the-eu-regionalization-trumps-sovereignty The EU: Regionalization Trumps Sovereignty]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 25, 2017.</ref>  

There is no EU military.  Each nation has its own forces, but nearly all are members of [[NATO]], in which the U.S. has a preponderant voice.  

There is no EU military.  Each nation has its own forces, but nearly all are members of [[NATO]], in which the U.S. has a preponderant voice and provides a disproportionate share of funding.  

The EU is a driving force of global economic and political integration, but Hix (2008) sees three problems with the EU: policy gridlock, lack of popular legitimacy and the democratic deficit. He notes, "In substantive terms ... the EU is closer to a form of enlightened despotism than a genuine democracy."<ref>Hix (2008)</ref> In addition, on February 5, 2000, John Laughland indicated in ''The Spectator'' that the European Union's entire purpose was to subject Western Europe to Marxist–Leninist/Marxist-Trotskyist thought.<ref>THE [European ]UNION CAN MAKE A VITAL CONTRIBUTION to the reform of the international economic architecture and to the establishment of a mechanism for collective governance.<br />

The EU is a driving force of global economic and political integration, but Hix (2008) sees three problems with the EU: policy gridlock, lack of popular legitimacy and the democratic deficit. He notes, "In substantive terms ... the EU is closer to a form of enlightened despotism than a genuine democracy."<ref>Hix (2008)</ref> In addition, on February 5, 2000, John Laughland indicated in ''The Spectator'' that the European Union's entire purpose was to subject Western Europe to Marxist–Leninist/Marxist-Trotskyist thought.<ref>THE [European ]UNION CAN MAKE A VITAL CONTRIBUTION to the reform of the international economic architecture and to the establishment of a mechanism for collective governance.<br />