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→Government and Political Conditions
*Health: Infant mortality rate (2006)--81/1,000. Life expectancy—45 yrs.
*Health: Infant mortality rate (2006)--81/1,000. Life expectancy—45 yrs.
==Government and Political Conditions==
==Government and internal conditions==
Niger's new constitution was approved in July 1999. It restored the semi-presidential system of government of the December 1992 constitution (Third Republic) in which the president of the republic, elected by universal suffrage for a 5-year term, and a prime minister named by the president share executive power. As a reflection of Niger's increasing population, the unicameral legislature was expanded in 2004 to 113 deputies elected for a 5-year term under a proportional system of representation. Political parties must attain at least 5% of the vote in order to gain a seat in the legislature.
Niger's new constitution was approved in July 1999. It restored the semi-presidential system of government of the December 1992 constitution (Third Republic) in which the president of the republic, elected by universal suffrage for a 5-year term, and a prime minister named by the president share executive power. As a reflection of Niger's increasing population, the unicameral legislature was expanded in 2004 to 113 deputies elected for a 5-year term under a proportional system of representation. Political parties must attain at least 5% of the vote in order to gain a seat in the legislature.
The legislature elected in December 2004 contained seven political parties. President Mamadou Tandja was re-elected in December 2004 and spearheaded a 2009 constitutional amendment allowing him to extend his presidential term. In February 2010, military officers led another coup that deposed Tandia. Issoufou Mahamadou was elected in April 2011 and reelected in early 2016. In February 2021, Bazoum Mohammed won the presidency in the final round of a runoff election with low turnout, marking Niger’s first transition to a multiparty system. Nonetheless, a military junta once again seized power, according to the [[CIA]], in late April 2023,<ref>[https://sonar21.com/niger-coup-a-contrived-crisis-or-a-major-cia-goof-and-my-interview-on-a-russian-morning-show/#respond NIGER COUP — A CONTRIVED CRISIS OR A MAJOR CIA GOOF?], Larry Johnson, August 8, 2023.<br>'''Update:''' [https://sonar21.com/cia-quietly-admits-i-was-right-about-niger/ CIA QUIETLY ADMITS I WAS RIGHT ABOUT NIGER], Larry Johnson, August 10, 2023.</ref> detaining President Bazoum, and announcing the creation of a National Council for the Salvation of the Homeland. According to [[mainstream media]] reports, the coup did not occur until the end of July 2023.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/2/timeline-a-week-after-the-coup-how-has-the-niger-crisis-unfolded</ref>
The legislature elected in December 2004 contained seven political parties. President Mamadou Tandja was re-elected in December 2004 and spearheaded a 2009 constitutional amendment allowing him to extend his presidential term. In February 2010, military officers led another coup that deposed Tandia. Issoufou Mahamadou was elected in April 2011 and reelected in early 2016. In February 2021, Bazoum Mohammed won the presidency in the final round of a runoff election with low turnout, marking Niger’s first transition to a multiparty system. Nonetheless, a military junta once again seized power, according to the [[CIA]], in late April 2023,<ref>[https://sonar21.com/niger-coup-a-contrived-crisis-or-a-major-cia-goof-and-my-interview-on-a-russian-morning-show/#respond NIGER COUP — A CONTRIVED CRISIS OR A MAJOR CIA GOOF?], Larry Johnson, August 8, 2023.<br>'''Update:''' [https://sonar21.com/cia-quietly-admits-i-was-right-about-niger/ CIA QUIETLY ADMITS I WAS RIGHT ABOUT NIGER], Larry Johnson, August 10, 2023.</ref> detaining President Bazoum, and announcing the creation of a National Council for the Salvation of the Homeland. According to [[mainstream media]] reports, the coup did not occur until the end of July 2023.<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/2/timeline-a-week-after-the-coup-how-has-the-niger-crisis-unfolded</ref>
There are [[jihad]]ist groups operating in Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso in a tri-border region known as Liptako Gourma. Liptako-Gourma is the area adjacent to the River Niger bend between the cities of Gao (Mali) and Niamey (Niger), which includes the regions of Gao in Mali, Sahel in Burkina Faso, and Tillabéry in Niger.
===Principal Government Officials===
===Principal Government Officials===