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But in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Org., 142 S. Ct. 2228, 2354 (2022), the U.S. Supreme Court observed in its citation to Baker v. Carr: "Baker v. Carr, 369 U. S. 186, 202, 82 S. Ct. 691, 7 L. Ed. 2d 663 (1962) (clarifying that the 'political que
{{cquote|See Kerr v. Hickenlooper, 759 F.3d 1186, 1195 & n.2 (10th Cir. 2014) (Gorsuch, J., dissenting from denial of rehearing en banc) ("[M]uch of [the scholarship] suggests that the Clause may rule out a state monarchy, a smaller amount . . . suggests the Clause may rule out a complete direct democracy, but none . . . credibly suggests a limited dose of direct democracy of the sort at issue here is constitutionally problematic." (citing Robert Natelson, A Republic, Not a Democracy? Initiative, Referendum, and the Constitution's Guarantee Clause, 80 Tex. L. Rev. 807, 811 n.19 (2002)); G. Edward White, Reading the Guarantee Clause, 65 U. Colo. L. Rev. 787, 803-06 (1994); Akhil Reed Amar, The Central Meaning of Republican Government: Popular Sovereignty, Majority Rule, and the Denominator Problem, 65 U. Colo. L. Rev. 749, 749-52, 761-73 (1994); Jonathan Toren, Protecting Republican Government from Itself: The Guarantee Clause of Article IV, Section 4, 2 N.Y.U. J.L. & Liberty 371, 374-92, 392-99 (2007))).}}
{{cquote|See Kerr v. Hickenlooper, 759 F.3d 1186, 1195 & n.2 (10th Cir. 2014) (Gorsuch, J., dissenting from denial of rehearing en banc) ("[M]uch of [the scholarship] suggests that the Clause may rule out a state monarchy, a smaller amount . . . suggests the Clause may rule out a complete direct democracy, but none . . . credibly suggests a limited dose of direct democracy of the sort at issue here is constitutionally problematic." (citing Robert Natelson, A Republic, Not a Democracy? Initiative, Referendum, and the Constitution's Guarantee Clause, 80 Tex. L. Rev. 807, 811 n.19 (2002)); G. Edward White, Reading the Guarantee Clause, 65 U. Colo. L. Rev. 787, 803-06 (1994); Akhil Reed Amar, The Central Meaning of Republican Government: Popular Sovereignty, Majority Rule, and the Denominator Problem, 65 U. Colo. L. Rev. 749, 749-52, 761-73 (1994); Jonathan Toren, Protecting Republican Government from Itself: The Guarantee Clause of Article IV, Section 4, 2 N.Y.U. J.L. & Liberty 371, 374-92, 392-99 (2007))).}}
Kerr v. Polis, 20 F.4th 686, 710 n.5 (10th Cir. 2021)( TYMKOVICH, Chief Judge, concurring).
Kerr v. Polis, 20 F.4th 686, 710 n.5 (10th Cir. 2021)( TYMKOVICH, Chief Judge, concurring).
But in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Org., 142 S. Ct. 2228, 2354 (2022), the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] observed in its citation to Baker v. Carr: "Baker v. Carr, 369 U. S. 186, 202, 82 S. Ct. 691, 7 L. Ed. 2d 663 (1962) (clarifying that the 'political question' passage of the minority opinion in Colegrove v. Green, 328 U. S. 549, 66 S. Ct. 1198, 90 L. Ed. 1432 (1946), was not controlling law)."
== See also ==
== See also ==
*[https://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/4/essays/128/guarantee-clause Heritage Guide]
*[https://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/4/essays/128/guarantee-clause Heritage Guide]
[[Category:United States Law]]
[[Category:United States Law]]