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The ''fallacy of composition'' consists in reasoning improperly from a property of a member of a group to a property of the group itself.... It occurs in two varieties: First, it falsely extrapolates a quality of one group member to all group members....Second, it is possible to transfer a quality of a member to the group itself.
The ''fallacy of composition'' consists in reasoning improperly from a property of a member of a group to a property of the group itself.... It occurs in two varieties: First, it falsely extrapolates a quality of one group member to all group members....Second, it is possible to transfer a quality of a member to the group itself.<br><br>
The ''fallacy of division'' is the converse of the ''fallacy of composition''. It occurs when somebody reasons falsely from a quality of the group to a quality of a member of group.
The ''fallacy of division'' is the converse of the ''fallacy of composition''. It occurs when somebody reasons falsely from a quality of the group to a quality of a member of group.<br><br>
The converse ''fallacy of difference'', on the other hand, renders a special judgment upon a group for a quality which is not special to it.
The converse ''fallacy of difference'', on the other hand, renders a special judgment upon a group for a quality which is not special to it.<br><br>
The ''fallacy of the perfect analogy'' consists in reasoning from a partial resemblance between two entities to an entire and exact correspondence. <ref>David Hacket Fisher, ''Historians’ Fallacies: Toward a Logic of Historical Thought'', New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1970, 219-223.</ref></blockquote>
The ''fallacy of the perfect analogy'' consists in reasoning from a partial resemblance between two entities to an entire and exact correspondence. <ref>David Hacket Fisher, ''Historians’ Fallacies: Toward a Logic of Historical Thought'', New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1970, 219-223.</ref></blockquote>