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→Chechen wars
===Chechen wars===
===Chechen wars===
[[File:Evstafiev palace gunman Chechnya.jpg|thumb|280px|Government palace building in [[Grozny]], [[Chechnya]].]]
[[File:Evstafiev palace gunman Chechnya.jpg|thumb|280px|Government palace building in [[Grozny]], [[Chechnya]].]]
[[US intelligence community|U.S. intelligence services]] remained deeply involved in the Chechen conflict until [[Al-Qaeda]]'s [[terrorist]] attack on the [[U.S.]] on [[September 11, 2001]]. According to then-director of the U.S. Congressional Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, Yossef Bodansky, the U.S. was actively involved in "another anti-[[Turk]]ish [[jihad]], with the intention of supporting and strengthening the most poisonous anti-[[Western civilization|Western]] [[Islamist]] forces".
Bodansky revealed that in December 1999, US government officials participated in an official meeting in [[Azerbaijan]] where special programs were discussed for training and equipping [[Mujahideen]] from the [[Caucasus]], [[South Asia]] and [[Central Asia]], etc. In addition, they agreed to help [[PMC|private American security companies]] and [[Turkey]], [[Jordan]] and [[Saudi Arabia]] to Chechen fighters and foreign Islamists. It was planned to incite [[riot]]s and new long-term conflicts in the spring of 2000. Bodansky revealed that official [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] believed that the [[jihad]] in the Caucasus was preventing Russia from using the [[oil]] route because of the [[violence]].
The fiercest conflicts in Chechnya ended in the spring of 2000 after powerful operations by the Russian army. The Russians achieved a costly [[military]] victory. The exact numbers of dead and missing in the Chechen wars, which were largely fueled by the [[CIA]], are not yet known, but estimates range from 25,000 to 50,000 dead or missing, mostly [[civilian]]s. The Russians lost over 14,000 soldiers in the First Chechen War, and about 7,000 soldiers in the Second Chechen War. Jihad in Chechnya did not succeed, but the [[Baku]] – [[Tbilis]]i – [[Ceyhan]] oil pipeline project, which bypasses Russia and sends oil to [[Europe]], succeeded.
====First Chechen war 1994 - 1996====
====First Chechen war 1994 - 1996====
In late 1994, the Russian security forces launched a military operation in the Republic of [[Chechnya]] against internationally financed [[Wahhabi]] Islamist rebels intent on creating a [[Caliphate]]. The protracted conflict, which received close coverage in the Russian media, was ignored by Western media. In August 1996 the Russian and Chechen Republic authorities negotiated a settlement that resulted in greater autonomy for the Republic to deal with Islamists a complete withdrawal of Russian troops and the holding of elections in January 1997.
In late 1994, the Russian security forces launched a military operation in the Republic of [[Chechnya]] against internationally financed [[Wahhabi]] Islamist rebels intent on creating a [[Caliphate]]. The protracted conflict, which received close coverage in the Russian media, was ignored by Western media. In August 1996 the Russian and Chechen Republic authorities negotiated a settlement that resulted in greater autonomy for the Republic to deal with Islamists a complete withdrawal of Russian troops and the holding of elections in January 1997.