Difference between revisions of "User:HelpJazz/workspace"

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[[Image:CO2phase.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Phase diagram of CO<sub>2</sub>]]
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A '''functional group''' is any one of a number of specific combinations of [[molecule]]s within an [[atom]]. Used mainly in [[organic chemistry]], functional groups are a helpful way to determine the structure and function of a molecule, as functional groups act very similar no matter what molecule they are a part of.
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A '''phase diagram''' is a graphical way of showing the [[physical state]] of a pure substance at varying [[pressure]]s and [[temperature]]s. As seen in the image to the right, a phase diagram is typically represented as a graph with temperature on the [[x-axis]] and pressure on the [[y-axis]].<ref name="atkins">Atkins, Peter and Julio de Paula. ''Physical Chemistry Volume 1, 8e.'' Oxford University Press: 2006.</ref>
 
  
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A phase diagram will always have a number of lines on it, representing a phase [[equilibrium]], that is, the set of temperatures and pressures at which one phase is in equilibrium with another phase. These lines are called [[phase boundary|phase boundaries]], and they section the area of the plot into the three phases of [[matter]] ([[solid]], [[liquid]], and [[gas]]) as well as the [[supercritical fluid]] region.<ref name="atkins" />
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A generic functional group is represented by the letter R in a [[chemical formula]]. For instance, CR<sub>4</sub> represents a carbon with four of the same functional group bonded to it.
  
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Along with the phase boundaries, there are two important points on a phase diagram: the [[triple point]] and the [[critical point]]. The triple point is the unique temperature and pressure at which all three phases of matter coexist in equilibrium. The critical point defines the critical temperature (T<sub>c</sub>) and critical pressure (P<sub>c</sub>) above which the substance is a supercritical supercritical fluid.
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Some functional groups are:
  
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==Other Types of Phase Diagrams==
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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
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While the pressure-temperature diagrams (PT diagrams) are useful for discerning the phase of a substance at certain operating conditions, other types of phase diagrams exist. For example, there are phase diagrams which describe the phase of a mixture of two compounds verses temperature. [[Metal]]lurgists also use a special type of phase diagram to describe solid-solid alloys, which have different "phases," or different ways the molecules [[crystal]]ize depending on the composition of the [[alloy]] at the temperature at which it is held.
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! Name !! Description !! Chemical Name ending !! Simple Example
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|[[alkane]]||carbon-carbon single bond||-''ane''||[[Ethane]] (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)
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|[[alkene]]||carbon-carbon double bond||test3
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|-
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|test1||test2||test3
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|test1||test2||test3
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|-
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|test1||test2||test3
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|-
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|test1||test2||test3
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Revision as of 20:54, September 30, 2007

A functional group is any one of a number of specific combinations of molecules within an atom. Used mainly in organic chemistry, functional groups are a helpful way to determine the structure and function of a molecule, as functional groups act very similar no matter what molecule they are a part of.

A generic functional group is represented by the letter R in a chemical formula. For instance, CR4 represents a carbon with four of the same functional group bonded to it.

Some functional groups are:

Name Description Chemical Name ending Simple Example
alkane carbon-carbon single bond -ane Ethane (C2H6)
alkene carbon-carbon double bond test3
test1 test2 test3
test1 test2 test3
test1 test2 test3
test1 test2 test3
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