Difference between revisions of "Genome"

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(Replace self-referencing link with a different link. Grammar. Improve a couple of references)
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A genome is all the [[hereditary]] information held by an [[organism]], this includes both expressed and non-expressed [[genetic information]]. It is usually stored in [[DNA]] though the [[Retrovirus]] stores it in [[RNA]].   
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A genome is all the [[hereditary]] information held by an [[organism]], this includes both expressed and non-expressed genetic [[information]].
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It is usually stored in [[DNA]] though [[retrovirus]]es store it in [[RNA]].   
  
 
[[Eukaryotic cell|Eukaryote]]s (including humans) actually have two types of genomic material:
 
[[Eukaryotic cell|Eukaryote]]s (including humans) actually have two types of genomic material:
 
# chromosonal material: Information found inside the nucleus of a cell
 
# chromosonal material: Information found inside the nucleus of a cell
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# mitochondrial material: Information found inside a cytoplasm of a cell, specifically in the [[mitochondria]] (this separate genome is used as evidence for the [[Endosymbiotic hypothesis]]).<ref>http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3580</ref>
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# mitochondrial material: Information found inside a cytoplasm of a cell, specifically in the [[mitochondria]] (this separate genome is used as evidence for the [[endosymbiotic hypothesis]]).<ref>http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3580</ref>
  
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The [[Human Genome Project]] mapped the genome of humans (''Homo sapiens'') in a 13-year study, and is considered one of the marvels of modern human [[medicine]] and [[biology]].  All of the information is stored in a database.<ref>http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml</ref>  It is expected that the results of the project will allow scientists to predict how genetics influences drug interaction with the body, and lead to target specific drugs.<ref>[http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/285/5/540?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=Implications+of+the+Human+Genome+Project+for+Medical+Science&searchid=1119480529280_6292&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&journalcode=jama]</ref>
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The [[Human Genome Project]] mapped the genome of humans (''Homo sapiens'') in a 13-year study, and is considered one of the marvels of modern human [[medicine]] and [[biology]].  All of the information is stored in a database.<ref>http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml</ref>  It is expected that the results of the project will allow scientists to predict how genetics influences drug interaction with the body, and lead to target specific drugs.<ref>Collins, Francis S. and McKusick, Victor A. [http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/285/5/540 Implications of the Human Genome Project for Medical Science] ''JAMA'', 2001;285:540-544, 7th February 2001.</ref>
  
 
Genomes of other species have been recorded as well, such as mice,<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/mouse/</ref> chimpanzees<ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/chimpgenome/index.html</ref> and yeast.<ref>http://www.yeastgenome.org/</ref>  The mouse genome sequence from the C57BL/6J strain has about 30,000 genes, and 99% of them have direct counterparts in humans.<ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v420/n6915/full/420509a.html</ref>  
 
Genomes of other species have been recorded as well, such as mice,<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/mouse/</ref> chimpanzees<ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/chimpgenome/index.html</ref> and yeast.<ref>http://www.yeastgenome.org/</ref>  The mouse genome sequence from the C57BL/6J strain has about 30,000 genes, and 99% of them have direct counterparts in humans.<ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v420/n6915/full/420509a.html</ref>  
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== Creationist View ==
 
== Creationist View ==
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Instead of seeing DNA as evidence for [[evolution]], creation scientists see DNA as confirming evidence of His divine plan.  He has encoded into DNA His blueprints for making life.  It is thus no surprise that the DNA of similar animals shares many sequences.  DNA can be seen as a successful prediction of creation science.<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2003/0425dna.asp</ref>
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Instead of seeing DNA as evidence for [[evolution]], creation scientists see DNA as confirming evidence of His divine plan.  He has encoded into DNA His blueprints for making life.  It is thus no surprise that the DNA of similar animals shares many sequences.  DNA can be seen as a successful prediction of creation science.<ref>Matthews, Michael, [http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2003/0425dna.asp DNA—what does it prove?] Answers in Genesis, 25th April, 2003.</ref>
 
== References ==
 
== References ==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>

Revision as of 02:57, October 26, 2007

A genome is all the hereditary information held by an organism, this includes both expressed and non-expressed genetic information. It is usually stored in DNA though retroviruses store it in RNA.

Eukaryotes (including humans) actually have two types of genomic material:

  1. chromosonal material: Information found inside the nucleus of a cell
  2. mitochondrial material: Information found inside a cytoplasm of a cell, specifically in the mitochondria (this separate genome is used as evidence for the endosymbiotic hypothesis).[1]

The Human Genome Project mapped the genome of humans (Homo sapiens) in a 13-year study, and is considered one of the marvels of modern human medicine and biology. All of the information is stored in a database.[2] It is expected that the results of the project will allow scientists to predict how genetics influences drug interaction with the body, and lead to target specific drugs.[3]

Genomes of other species have been recorded as well, such as mice,[4] chimpanzees[5] and yeast.[6] The mouse genome sequence from the C57BL/6J strain has about 30,000 genes, and 99% of them have direct counterparts in humans.[7]

The chimpanzee represented the first non-human primate sequenced. The differences in the chimpanzee and human genomes are small, with 99% of the DNA sequence preserved. [8] The differences can be classified in terms of differences in local single nucleotide substitutions, insertions, deletions and repetitions of sequences. A relatively large number of difference between the chimpanzee and human genomes are not due to substitutions.[9] When this is taken into account, humans and chimpanzees still share 96% of their sequence, and are genetically closer than rats and mice.[10]

Creationist View

Instead of seeing DNA as evidence for evolution, creation scientists see DNA as confirming evidence of His divine plan. He has encoded into DNA His blueprints for making life. It is thus no surprise that the DNA of similar animals shares many sequences. DNA can be seen as a successful prediction of creation science.[11]

References

  1. ↑ http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3580
  2. ↑ http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml
  3. ↑ Collins, Francis S. and McKusick, Victor A. Implications of the Human Genome Project for Medical Science JAMA, 2001;285:540-544, 7th February 2001.
  4. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/mouse/
  5. ↑ http://www.nature.com/nature/focus/chimpgenome/index.html
  6. ↑ http://www.yeastgenome.org/
  7. ↑ http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v420/n6915/full/420509a.html
  8. ↑ http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/aug2005/nhgri-31.htm
  9. ↑ http://207.210.67.162/~striz/docs/chimpc.pdf
  10. ↑ http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/aug2005/nhgri-31.htm
  11. ↑ Matthews, Michael, DNA—what does it prove? Answers in Genesis, 25th April, 2003.
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