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In a majority of cases, the acid and base regents will dissociate to form ions which take part in the reaction mechanism and those which form the salt. For instance, in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide:
In a majority of cases, the acid and base regents will dissociate to form ions which take part in the reaction mechanism and those which form the salt. For instance, in the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide:
HCl<sub>(aq)</sub> - H<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + Cl<sup>-</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>
HCl<sub>(aq)</sub> -- H<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + Cl<sup>-</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>
NaOH<sub>(aq)</sub> - Na<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + OH<sup>-</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>
NaOH<sub>(aq)</sub> -- Na<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + OH<sup>-</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>
Some of these ions will then partake in the proton transfer reaction, such that:
Some of these ions will then partake in the proton transfer reaction, such that:
H<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + OH<sup>-</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> - H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(l)</sub>
H<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + OH<sup>-</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> -- H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(l)</sub>
The remaining ions will form a salt, such that:
The remaining ions will form a salt, such that:
Na<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + Cl<sup>-</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> - NaCl<sub>(aq)</sub>
Na<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + Cl<sup>-</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> -- NaCl<sub>(aq)</sub>
The end result being:
HCl<sub>(aq)</sub> + NaOH<sub>(aq)</sub> -- H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(l)</sub> + NaCl<sub>(aq)</sub>
In this case the salt will remain in aqueous (dissolved) form, however if it was insoluble it would precipitate out of the water.
In this case the salt will remain in aqueous (dissolved) form, however if it was insoluble it would precipitate out of the water.
However, not all neutralisation reactions involve the reactants dissociating, ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) is a base which will accept a proton to form ammonium, and hence will undergo an acid-base reaction in its pure form, for example:
NH<sub>3(aq)</sub> + H<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> -- NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>
==Acidity of the Salt==
[[Category:Chemistry]]