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'''Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ''' "المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية" also know as Jordan "الأردنّ" is a constitutional monarchy in the [[Middle East]]. It borders [[Syria]] to the north, [[Saudi Arabia]] to the southwest, [[Iraq]] to the east, and [[Israel]] and the palestinian territories (west bank) to the west. Along with Israel, Jordan borders the [[Dead Sea]].
'''Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ''' "المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية" also know as Jordan "الأردنّ" is a constitutional monarchy in the [[Middle East]]. It borders [[Syria]] to the north, [[Saudi Arabia]] to the southwest, [[Iraq]] to the east, and [[Israel]] and the palestinian territories (west bank) to the west. Along with Israel, Jordan borders the [[Dead Sea]].
==People==
==People==
*Industry (26.5% of GDP in 2006): Types--phosphate mining, manufacturing, electricity and water; cement and petroleum production, and construction.
*Industry (26.5% of GDP in 2006): Types--phosphate mining, manufacturing, electricity and water; cement and petroleum production, and construction.
*Trade: Exports (2006)--$5.17 billion: phosphates, potash, garments, fertilizers, pharmaceutical products, agricultural products. Major markets--U.S., Iraq, India, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., Syria, Israel, Kuwait. Imports (2006)--$11.46 billion: crude petroleum and derivatives, vehicles, machinery and equipment, cereals, fabrics and textiles. Major suppliers-- Saudi Arabia (mainly crude oil and derivatives), EU, China, U.S., Egypt, South Korea, Japan, Turkey.
*Trade: Exports (2006)--$5.17 billion: phosphates, potash, garments, fertilizers, pharmaceutical products, agricultural products. Major markets--U.S., Iraq, India, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., Syria, Israel, Kuwait. Imports (2006)--$11.46 billion: crude petroleum and derivatives, vehicles, machinery and equipment, cereals, fabrics and textiles. Major suppliers-- Saudi Arabia (mainly crude oil and derivatives), EU, China, U.S., Egypt, South Korea, Japan, Turkey.
== History ==
The land that became Jordan is part of the richly historical [[Fertile Crescent]] region. Around 2000 B.C., Semitic [[Amorites]] settled around the [[Jordan River]] in the area called [[Canaan]]. Subsequent invaders and settlers included [[Hittites]], [[Egyptians]], [[Israelites]], [[Assyrians]], [[Babylonians]], [[Persians]], [[Greeks]], [[Romans]], Arab [[Muslims]], Christian [[Crusaders]], [[Mamelukes]], [[Ottoman Turks]], and, finally, the [[British]]. At the end of [[World War I]], the [[League of Nations]] awarded the territory now comprising Israel, Jordan, the [[West Bank]], [[Gaza]], and [[Jerusalem]] to the United Kingdom as the mandate for [[Palestine]] and [[Transjordan]]. In 1922, the British divided the mandate by establishing the semiautonomous Emirate of Transjordan, ruled by the Hashemite Prince Abdullah, while continuing the administration of Palestine under a British High Commissioner. The mandate over Transjordan ended on May 22, 1946; on May 25, the country became the independent Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It ended its special defense treaty relationship with the United Kingdom in 1957.
Transjordan was one of the Arab states which moved to assist Palestinian nationalists opposed to the creation of Israel in May 1948, and took part in the warfare between the Arab states and the newly founded State of Israel. The armistice agreements of April 3, 1949 left Jordan in control of the West Bank and provided that the armistice demarcation lines were without prejudice to future territorial settlements or boundary lines.
In 1956, the country gained it's full indipendence from the British and became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to include those portions of Palestine annexed by [[King Abdullah I]]. While recognizing Jordanian administration over the West Bank, the United States maintained the position that ultimate sovereignty was subject to future agreement.
Jordan signed a mutual defense pact in May 1967 with Egypt, and it participated in the [[Six Day War|June 1967 war]] against Israel. During the war, Israel gained control of the West Bank and all of Jerusalem. In 1989, Jordan renounced all claims to the West Bank but retained an administrative role pending a final settlement, and its 1994 treaty with Israel allowed for a continuing Jordanian role in Muslim holy places in Jerusalem. The U.S. Government considers the West Bank to be territory occupied by Israel and believes that its final status should be determined through direct negotiations among the parties concerned on the basis of [[UN]] [[Security Council Resolution 242|Security Council Resolutions 242]] and [[Security Council Resolution 338|338]].
In 1968, the Israeli army attacked the area in western Jordan to hit [[fedayeen]] controled areas and to take control of the Salt hights in central Jordan, a battle erupted in the Jordanian valley between the Israeli troops and the Jordanian army, which led the Israelis to withraw from the area.
The 1967 war led not only to a loss of a huge part of land under Jordan's control (the West Bank), but also a dramatic increase in the number of Palestinians living in the remainder of Jordan due to an inclusion of refugees. Its Palestinian refugee population--700,000 in 1966--grew by another 300,000 from the West Bank. The period following the 1967 war saw an upsurge in the power and importance of Palestinian resistance elements (fedayeen) in Jordan. The heavily armed fedayeen constituted a growing threat to the sovereignty and security of the Hashemite state, and open fighting erupted in June 1970.
No fighting occurred along the 1967 Jordan River cease-fire line during the October 1973 Arab-Israeli war, but Jordan sent a brigade to Syria to fight Israeli units on Syrian territory. Jordan did not participate in the Gulf war of 1990-91. In 1991, Jordan agreed, along with Syria, Lebanon, and Palestinian representatives, to participate in direct peace negotiations with Israel sponsored by the U.S. and Russia. It negotiated an end to hostilities with Israel and signed a peace treaty in 1994. Jordan has since sought to remain at peace with all of its neighbors.
==See Also==
==See Also==