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| − | {{President|
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| − | |name=John Calvin Coolidge Jr.
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| − | |image=460px-Calvin Coolidge photo portrait head and shoulders.jpg
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| − | |country=the United States
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| − | |seq=30
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| − | |party=Republican
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| − | |term_start=August 2, 1923
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| − | |term_end=March 4, 1929
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| − | |vp=None
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| − | |vp_dates=1923-1925
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| − | |2vp=Charles G.Dawes
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| − | |2vp_dates=1925-1929
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| − | |previous=Warren G. Harding
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| − | |next=Herbert Hoover
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| − | |seq2=29
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| − | |office2=vice
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| − | |term_start2=March 4, 1921
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| − | |term_end2=August 2, 1923
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| − | |pres2=Warren G. Harding
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| − | |previous2=Thomas R. Marshall
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| − | |next2=Charles G. Dawes
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| − | |birth_date=July 4, 1872
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| − | |birth_place=Plymouth, Vermont
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| − | |death_date=January 5, 1933
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| − | |death_place=Northampton, Massachusetts
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| − | |spouse=Grace Goodhue Coolidge
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| − | |spouse2=
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| − | |religion=Congregationalist
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| − | }}
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| − | '''Calvin Coolidge''' was the [[Vice President of the United States of America]] from July 4, 1921 to January 5, 1923 and was the 30th [[President of the United States of America]] from 1923 to 1929 (29th if [[Grover Cleveland]] is counted only once). He was famous for being a man of few words, leading to the nickname ''Silent Cal''. He was a [[Republican]] throughout his political career.
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| − | ==Accession to the Presidency==
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| − | Cal was at his father's house in Vermont when news arrived of President [[Warren G. Harding]]'s death. His father, a notary public, administered the oath of office.
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| − | == Distinguishing Features of Coolidge Presidency ==
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| − | Coolidge and [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] are the only two Presidents not to have been sworn in by the [[Chief Justice of the United States of America]]. Johnson was sworn in by [[Sarah T. Hughes]] on [[Air Force One]] prior to leaving [[Dallas]], [[Texas]] for [[Washington]], [[DC]] on November 22, 1963.
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| − | Coolidge shares with Johnson, [[Theodore Roosevelt]] and [[Harry S. Truman]] the distinction of having chosen not to run for re-election at a time when he could have done so without breaking the traditional two-term limit established by [[George Washington]] and later codified by the [[22nd Amendment]] to the [[U. S. Constitution]]. They are the only four 20th century Presidents to do so, although this was a common choice of 19th century Presidents, whom Coolidge may have seen as his model. While Johnson and Truman bowed out because they could not win wars to which they had committed the United States, and Roosevelt because he had a hand-picked successor ready, Coolidge's wife is reputed to have said he had decided not to run because "Cal smells a [[depression]] coming." [[Depression]]s in the pre-[[New Deal]] era were less frequent, but more disruptive than our contemporary [[recession]]s. If genuine, this prediction was on the mark, as Coolidge's successor [[Herbert Hoover]] was unjustly blamed for the [[Great Depression]] and went down to defeat in the [[United States presidential election of 1932|1932 Presidential Election]], which inaugurated the [[Fifth Party System]].
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| − | Coolidge is most famous for being pro-[[business]], and famously said, "The business of America is business." Liberals attacked him for continuing what became known as [[Twenties Nullification]] of the [[Progressive]] reforms of [[Woodrow Wilson]]. However, some Federal government activity was congruent with this orientation, particularly the development of the [[U. S. highway system]], a predecessor of the [[Interstate Highway System]] begun by [[Dwight Eisenhower]]. At the beginning of Coolidge's term [[railroads]] were the primary mode of moving goods and people between cities. By the end, it was at least theoretically possible to drive an [[automobile]] to most towns and villages. The modern [[road trip]] is therefore perhaps Coolidge's most significant legacy.
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| − | ==Silent Cal==
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| − | A woman once told Coolidge that she had bet someone that she could get him to say more than two words. He told her, "You lose."
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| − | ==Autobiography==
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| − | Calvin Coolidge is one of the American Presidents to have written an Autobiography.
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| − | {{USPresidents}}
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| − | {{USVicePresidents}}
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| − | {{DEFAULTSORT:Coolidge, Calvin}}
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| − | [[Category:Presidents of the United States]]
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| − | [[Category:Vice Presidents of the United States]]
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