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==VENONA files==

==VENONA files==

In 1995, when the VENONA transcripts were declassified, further detailed information was revealed about Soviet espionage in the United States. VENONA specifically references at least 349 people in the United States—including citizens, immigrants, and permanent residents—who cooperated in various ways with Soviet intelligence agencies. It is generally believed that McCarthy had no access to VENONA intelligence, and VENONA corroborates some of the individuals investigated by McCarthy were indeed Soviet agents. These are several prominent examples:

In 1995, when the VENONA transcripts were declassified, further detailed information was revealed about Soviet espionage in the United States. It is generally believed that McCarthy had no access to VENONA intelligence, and VENONA corroborates some of the individuals investigated by McCarthy were indeed Soviet agents.  VENONA specifically references at least 349 people in the United States—including citizens, immigrants, and permanent residents—who cooperated in various ways with Soviet intelligence agencies. 83 persons plead the fifth amendment right against self incrimination in public hearings conducted by McCarthy. An additional 9 persons refused to testify on constitutional grounds in private hearings, and their names were not made public. Of the 83 persons pleading the fifth ammendment, several have been identified by [[NSA]] and [[FBI]] as agents of the Soviet Union in the [[Venona project]] involved in espionage. These are several prominent examples:

* [[Mary Jane Keeney]], a United Nations employee, and her husband Philip Keeney, who worked in the [[Office of Strategic Services]];

* [[Mary Jane Keeney]], a United Nations employee, and her husband Philip Keeney, who worked in the [[Office of Strategic Services]];