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| | Social movements in the late 1800s also occurred, preparing the nation for the turn of the century: | | Social movements in the late 1800s also occurred, preparing the nation for the turn of the century: |
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| − | *Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who opposed abortion, founded National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869 and, before that, led the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. This would foreshadow the women's suffrage movement in teh early 20th century. | + | *Women's rights: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who opposed abortion, founded National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869 and, before that, led the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. This foreshadowed the women's suffrage movement in the early 20th century. |
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| − | Chataugua Movement 1874: knowledge revolution founded in NY; promoted adult education and combined it with entertainment
| + | *Women in government: Hull House was founded by Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889, and it grew into a city-based social movement that argued for reform of city government by involvement of women. It is still active today.<ref>http://www.hullhouse.org/</ref> |
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| − | Booker T. Washington "self-taught former slave; urged self-help, accommodation with others; founded Tuskegee Institute for research"
| + | *City government: National Municipal League was founded in 1894 in order to make city government more honest, efficient and effective. It is active today under the new name of the National Civic League. |
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| | + | *Self-improvement: the Chataugua Movement, founded in New York in 1874, was a part of a "knowledge revolution" devoted to promoting adult education (along with some entertainment!). This foreshadowed the adult learning programs of the 20th century. |
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| − | Alfred Thayer Mahan 1890: wrote books on sea power and urged strong navy and imperialism by United States
| + | *Hawaii: the United States dethroned the Hawaii leader Queen Liliuokalani in 1893, because she recognized only natives on the islands and opposed joining the United States. Nearly 50 years later an attack on Hawaii by the Japanese would put America into World War II. |
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| − | Queen Liliuokalani "Hawaii leader recognized only natives, opposed joining U.S.; Americans on island then dethroned her (1893)"
| + | *Imperialism: Alfred Thayer Mahan wrote books beginning in 1890 on American sea power, urging a strong navy and imperialism by United States. This foreshadowed American imperialism around 1900. |
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| − | National Municipal League "1894: leaders form group to make city gov't more honest, efficient, effective. Now the National Civic League"
| + | *Racial accommodation: Booker T. Washington, a self-taught former slave, urged an approach of self-help and accommodation in order to improve conditions for African Americans. He founded the Tuskegee Institute for research and gave a famous speech in 1895 to the Atlanta Exposition, in which he urged a racially diverse audience to cooperate and accommodate each other. This foreshadowed a later division in the African American community between a conciliatory approach and a confrontational approach. |
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| − | Atlanta Exposition/Compromise "1895: Booker T. Washington addresses racially diverse audience to urge cooperation, accommodation" | |
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| − | Jane Addams/Hull House argued for reform of city government by involvement of women
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| | ==Debate Topics== | | ==Debate Topics== |