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Line 48:
Line 48: − In England during the [[industrial revolution]] pollution killed mosses and lichens on tree trunks, turning them from light colours to dark brown. Before this occurred most specimens of the peppered moth ''Biston betularia'' had white wings with black spots - giving a peppered appearance. During the period with dark tree trunks (1849 to circa 1970) the white version of ''betularia'' was easily predated on by birds, decreasing the frequency of the white-wing allele. Individuals with dark wings caused by high concentrations of melanin became much more frequent and the allele frequency for melanic moths increased. When pollution levels were reduced in the late 1960s the trees gained more moss and lichens, making the trunks lighter and predation selected against melanic forms of the peppered moth. It is now thought that the proportions of white to melanic moths in England have now returned to pree-1849 levels.
→'''Industrial melanism''': In Icons of Evolution it is revealed that researchers faked the evidence for the moth thing
==='''Industrial melanism'''===
==='''Industrial melanism'''===
{{disputed section}}
{{disputed section}}
==='''Sickle cell anaemia'''===
==='''Sickle cell anaemia'''===