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tradition's emphasis on biblical and theological studies. All clergy must have a graduate degree, usually a master of divinity
tradition's emphasis on biblical and theological studies. All clergy must have a graduate degree, usually a master of divinity
(M.Div.) or its equivalent. Two thirds have attended a Lutheran seminary, most commonly Luther Seminary. About 30% have completed postgraduate work for a D.Min., Th.D., or Ph.D., sometimes at secular universities. The average pastor is 51 years old and has been a minister for twenty years. 19% are women. <ref> Hofrenning et al (2004)</ref>
(M.Div.) or its equivalent. Two thirds have attended a Lutheran seminary, most commonly Luther Seminary. About 30% have completed postgraduate work for a D.Min., Th.D., or Ph.D., sometimes at secular universities. The average pastor is 51 years old and has been a minister for twenty years. 19% are women. <ref> Hofrenning et al (2004)</ref>
In terms of theological positions, the clergy are in the Lutheran tradition of emphasizing sin. They do not believe that the Bible is inerrant, yet they accept that Jesus was born of a virgin and that the devil actually exists. They reject the notion that most religions are equally valid, yet fear the intolerant behavior of some people of faith. Theologically, they can be termed moderate modernists.<ref> Hofrenning et al (2004)</ref>
In terms of politics, the clergy are liberal Democrats. Although they supported Al Gore over George Bush by 67%-26% in 2000, with 5% for Ralph Nader, 80% avoid political sermons or taking public stands on political issues.<ref> Hofrenning et al (2004)</ref>
==Controversies==
==Controversies==