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→Al-Andalus
===Al-Andalus===
===Al-Andalus===
Although the Muslim kingdoms in Spain, called Al-Andalus, had living conditions as bad as those in Christian Europe, learning and art were far surpassed by it. Huge libraries and fine mosques existed there. Yet in 975 an intolerant king came to the throne and persecuted Jews and Catholics, many of whom fled to the Christian kingdoms in the north. The Reconquista would soon begin. Kingdoms in the north expanded and raised large armies to fight the heretics. French knights aided them. El Cid, a romanticized mercenary (with a mainly Muslim army often!) conquered many cities and regions from the Moors. The invasion of fanatic Arabs from Morocco inspired the Christians further.
===France and The Holy Roman Empire===
===France and The Holy Roman Empire===