Difference between revisions of "Atlantic Charter"

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The '''Atlantic Charter''' was a declaration for [[free trade]] and self-determination.   
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The '''Atlantic Charter''' was an August 14, 1941 manifesto against Nazi Germany calling for [[free trade]] and self-determination.   
  
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U.S. [[President]] [[Franklin Roosevelt]] and British [[Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] met in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] on August 1941 in order to begin to plan for [[peace]] after the conclusion of [[World War II]], and agreed to this Atlantic Charter. It also endorsed [[disarmament]] of aggressor states (e.g., [[Japan]], self determination,  and [[Germany]]) and freedom of the seas. The [[United States]] and [[Great Britain]] renounced any territorial ambitions, and expansion against the wishes of local populations was condemned.
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U.S. President [[Franklin Roosevelt]] and British [[Prime Minister]] [[Winston Churchill]] met in Newfoundland on August 1941 in order to set long-term peace goals. The called for the destruction of Nazi Germany (which had just declared war against the Soviet Union). It called on Japan to withdraw from Indochina. Contrary to myth, there were no secret commitments.
  
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When Roosevelt returned to Washington he was asked at a conference with [[Democratic]] Congressional leaders whether or not he had made any commitments and he replied "No."  Roosevelt did not disclose that he had indeed made two grave commitments, one to send American troops into a European island where an attack was expected,<ref>''Roosevelt and Hopkins : An Intimate History'', Robert E. Sherwood, New York Harper and Brothers, 1948, [http://americandeception.com/index.php?action=downloadpdf&photo=/PDFsml_AD/Roosevelt_and_Hopkins-An_Intimate_History-Robert_E_Sherwood-1948-1034pgs-GOV-POL.sml.pdf&id=252&PHPSESSID=03d3557b41f249f71349e6d730cc8498 pgs. 288 - 309] pdf.</ref> and the second to issue to Japan what Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] characterized as an [[ultimatum]].<ref>Cordell Hull, ''Memoirs'', New York: Macmillan, 1948.</ref><ref>Sumner Welles, Hearings before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part II, pps. 479 et seq., and Part XIV containing Exhibits 22A, 22B and 22C, pps. 1255 et seq. </ref>  When the Atlantic Charter communique was published it was labeled "A Joint Declaration." The next day however, the ''[[New York Times]]'' referred to in a headline as "America's Mein Kampf." <ref>''The Roosevelt Myth'', John T. Flynn, Fox and Wilkes, 1948, Book 3, Ch. 5, [http://www.rooseveltmyth.com/cgi-bin/framed/2767/book/fdrmyth_Chapter_Five___The_Atlantic_Char.htm  ''The Atlantic Charter''].</ref>
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The [[Soviet Union]] soon endorsed the Atlantic Charter.   
  
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==Inter-Allied conference==
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The statements buoyed the free world, holding out hope that an Anglo-American alliance was being formed to defeat Hitler. The alliance was indeed formed four months later, after Pearl Harbor.
  
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On September 24, 1941, a month after the Atlantic Charter was proclaimed, an inter-allied meeting was held in St. James Palace in London.  Mr. Maisky, the Soviet Ambassador to Great Britain, said :
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Leaders in exile of the Baltic States interpreted the Atlantic Charter as a guaranty of the restoration of their independence
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:"The Soviet was and is guided in its foreign policy by the principle of the self-determination of nations. Accordingly the Soviet defends the right of every nation to the independence and territorial integrity of its country and its right to establish such a social order as it deems opportune and necessary for the promotion of its economic and cultural prosperity."<ref>''The Roosevelt Myth'', Flynn, 1948, Book 3, Chapter 9, Section 2, [http://americandeception.com/index.php?action=downloadpdf&photo=/PDFsml_AD/The_Roosevelt_Myth-John_T_Flynn-1948-444pgs-POL.sml.pdf&id=276&PHPSESSID=03d3557b41f249f71349e6d730cc8498 ''Roosevelt's Great Design and Casablanca'']. pg. 343] pdf.</ref>
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after the war. Nationalists in the British colonies in Africa and Asia used the terms of the Atlantic Charter, which promised to restore sovereignty and self-government to those who had been "forcibly deprived of them," to pressure the British government when the war ended.  
  
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The [[Soviet Union]] soon endorsed the Atlantic Charter. This was two years and one week after the Soviet Union violated the territorial integrity of Poland and the [[Baltic states]] under the [[Communazi pact]], and less than two years after the Soviet Union's expulsion from the [[League of Nations]] for violating the territorial integity of [[Finland]],<ref>[http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1939/391214a.html League of Nations Expulsion of the USSR], League of Nations, ''Official Journal'' December 14, 1939, p. 506 (Council Resolution); p. 540 (Assembly Resolution.)</ref> and seven years after the Soviet invasion of the Chinese province of [[Sinkiang]] <ref>[http://home.comcast.net/~markconrad/Sinkiang.htm#_ednref9 From “Yellow Russia” to the East Turkestan Republic], By Pavel Aptekar. From Aleksandr Kiyan’s Russian-language website devoted to the Red Army of Workers and Peasants, 1918-1945 (home page at http:// rkka.ru), specifically the article [http://rkka.ru/oper/sinc/sinc.htm  ''Ot Zheltorossii do Vostochno-Turkestanskoi respuliki,''].  See also [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/China.html#PRC Kiangsi Soviet Republic], 1 Dec 1931 - 15 Oct 1934.</ref>
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The vague policies formulated in 1941 evolved into the United Nations in 1945.
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==Further reading==
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* Brinkley, Douglas, and David R. Facey-Crowther, eds. ''The Atlantic Charter'' (1994), articles by scholars. [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0312089309 excerpts and text search]
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* Dobson, Alan P. "Economic Diplomacy at the Atlantic Conference." ''Review Of International Studies'' 1984 10(2): 143-163.  
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* Wilson, Theodore A. ''The First Summit: Roosevelt and Churchill at Placentia Bay, 1941'' (1991)
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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<references/>
 
<references/>
  
 
[[Category:World War II]]
 
[[Category:World War II]]

Revision as of 00:13, May 1, 2009

The Atlantic Charter was an August 14, 1941 manifesto against Nazi Germany calling for free trade and self-determination.

U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met in Newfoundland on August 1941 in order to set long-term peace goals. The called for the destruction of Nazi Germany (which had just declared war against the Soviet Union). It called on Japan to withdraw from Indochina. Contrary to myth, there were no secret commitments.

The Soviet Union soon endorsed the Atlantic Charter.

The statements buoyed the free world, holding out hope that an Anglo-American alliance was being formed to defeat Hitler. The alliance was indeed formed four months later, after Pearl Harbor.

Leaders in exile of the Baltic States interpreted the Atlantic Charter as a guaranty of the restoration of their independence after the war. Nationalists in the British colonies in Africa and Asia used the terms of the Atlantic Charter, which promised to restore sovereignty and self-government to those who had been "forcibly deprived of them," to pressure the British government when the war ended.

The vague policies formulated in 1941 evolved into the United Nations in 1945.

Further reading

  • Brinkley, Douglas, and David R. Facey-Crowther, eds. The Atlantic Charter (1994), articles by scholars. excerpts and text search
  • Dobson, Alan P. "Economic Diplomacy at the Atlantic Conference." Review Of International Studies 1984 10(2): 143-163.
  • Wilson, Theodore A. The First Summit: Roosevelt and Churchill at Placentia Bay, 1941 (1991)

References

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