| − | Neo-conservatism was was developed by a group of largely Jewish intellectuals graduated from the City College of New York, a group includes [[Irving Kristol]], [[Daniel Bell]], [[Nathan Glazer]]. Kristol described a neoconservative as a '''"liberal mugged by reality"'''. The development of neo-conservatism was strongly influenced by the work of German philosopher [[Leo Strauss]] and Marxist theorist [[Leon Trotsky]]. Irving Kristol was a member of the [[4th international]]. | + | Neo-conservatism was was developed by American academics in the mid-twentieth century. |