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The prosecution called [[Hede Massing]], but at the first trial Judge Samuel H. Kaufman ruled that her testimony was irrelevant. At the second trial, Judge Henry W. Goddard allowed her to testify about [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,855041,00.html Hiss' 1935 attempt] to get [[Noel Field]] to transfer from her [[OGPU]] group to Hiss' [[GRU]] group. To avoid testifying, Field [[#refTanenhaus93|fled to the East bloc]].

The prosecution called [[Hede Massing]], but at the first trial Judge Samuel H. Kaufman ruled that her testimony was irrelevant. At the second trial, Judge Henry W. Goddard allowed her to testify about [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,855041,00.html Hiss' 1935 attempt] to get [[Noel Field]] to transfer from her [[OGPU]] group to Hiss' [[GRU]] group. To avoid testifying, Field [[#refTanenhaus93|fled to the East bloc]].

Hiss’ attorney conceded that the stolen documents had been copied on Hiss's Woodstock, telling the jury the question was not “what typewriter was used, but who the typist was.”<ref>Steven M. Chermak, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FPRslbPnMjwC Crimes and Trials of the Century: From the Black Sox Scandal to the Attica Prison Riots]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007) ISBN 0313341109, p. 184</ref>  

Hiss’ attorney conceded that the stolen documents had been copied on Hiss' Woodstock, telling the jury the question was not “what typewriter was used, but who the typist was.”<ref>Steven M. Chermak, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FPRslbPnMjwC Crimes and Trials of the Century: From the Black Sox Scandal to the Attica Prison Riots]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007) ISBN 0313341109, p. 184</ref>  

The defense called a psychiatrist, Dr. Carl Binger, who attempted to psychoanalyze Chambers without interviewing him, testifying that “Mr. Chambers is suffering from a condition known as a psychopathic personality.”<ref>Edward W. Knappman, ed., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mLP8D2Od2SkC Great American Trials: 201 Compelling Courtroom Dramas]'' (Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1994) ISBN 1578591996, p. 444. Ironically, the standard work on psychopathic personality, the landmark ''[http://www.cassiopaea.org/cass/sanity_1.PdF The Mask of Sanity: An Attempt to Clarify Some Issues About the So-Called Psychopathic Personality]'' (St. Louis, Mo.: CV Mosby Co., 1941) by Hervey Cleckley (coauthor of ''The Three Faces of Eve''), identifies  the psychopathic personality as possessing superficial charm and good intelligence, absence of delusions and other signs of irrational thinking, absence of nervousness or psychoneurotic manifestations, lack of remorse and shame, etc.&mdash;characteristics far more descriptive of Hiss than Chambers.</ref> So thoroughly did his testimony collapse under scrutiny that the prosecutor’s [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/hisstrialtranscripts.html cross examination] of Binger has been [[#refBerresford92|used as a model]] to teach generations of law students.<ref>Gilbert Geis and Leigh B. Bienen, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xdbQMywnrdwC Crimes of the Century: From Leopold and Loeb to O.J. Simpson]'' (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1998) ISBN 1555533604, p. 151</ref>

The defense called a psychiatrist, Dr. Carl Binger, who attempted to psychoanalyze Chambers without interviewing him, testifying that “Mr. Chambers is suffering from a condition known as a psychopathic personality.”<ref>Edward W. Knappman, ed., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mLP8D2Od2SkC Great American Trials: 201 Compelling Courtroom Dramas]'' (Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1994) ISBN 1578591996, p. 444. Ironically, the standard work on psychopathic personality, the landmark ''[http://www.cassiopaea.org/cass/sanity_1.PdF The Mask of Sanity: An Attempt to Clarify Some Issues About the So-Called Psychopathic Personality]'' (St. Louis, Mo.: CV Mosby Co., 1941) by Hervey Cleckley (coauthor of ''The Three Faces of Eve''), identifies  the psychopathic personality as possessing superficial charm and good intelligence, absence of delusions and other signs of irrational thinking, absence of nervousness or psychoneurotic manifestations, lack of remorse and shame, etc.&mdash;characteristics far more descriptive of Hiss than Chambers.</ref> So thoroughly did his testimony collapse under scrutiny that the prosecutor’s [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/hisstrialtranscripts.html cross examination] of Binger has been [[#refBerresford92|used as a model]] to teach generations of law students.<ref>Gilbert Geis and Leigh B. Bienen, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=xdbQMywnrdwC Crimes of the Century: From Leopold and Loeb to O.J. Simpson]'' (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1998) ISBN 1555533604, p. 151</ref>