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In relation to [[HIV]] infections in the developed world, in 2007 the [[German]] medical journal ''Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz'' published an article entitled ''Prevention strategies to control the HIV epidemic. Successes, problems, and perspectives''. The abstract for that [[German]] medical journal stated the following: "...for several years now, in the western developed countries sexual risk behaviour, newly diagnosed HIV infections, and the incidence of various other sexually transmitted infections seem to re-increase, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM)."<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17377725&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Prevention strategies to control the HIV epidemic. Successes, problems, and perspectives, Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2007 Apr;50(4):412-2]</ref> In 2007, the medical journal ''Sexually Transmitted Diseases'' reported the following: "In [[Western Europe]], HIV prevalence among community surveys of MSM [men who have sex with men] conducted between 2000 and 2004 ranged from 5% to 18%.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17495592&ordinalpos=7&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Sexually transmitted infections in Western Europe among HIV-positive men who have sex with men., ''Sexually Transmitted Diseases'', 2007 Oct;34(10):783-90]</ref>
In relation to [[HIV]] infections in the developed world, in 2007 the [[German]] medical journal ''Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz'' published an article entitled ''Prevention strategies to control the HIV epidemic. Successes, problems, and perspectives''. The abstract for that [[German]] medical journal stated the following: "...for several years now, in the western developed countries sexual risk behaviour, newly diagnosed HIV infections, and the incidence of various other sexually transmitted infections seem to re-increase, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM)."<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17377725&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Prevention strategies to control the HIV epidemic. Successes, problems, and perspectives, Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2007 Apr;50(4):412-2]</ref> In 2007, the medical journal ''Sexually Transmitted Diseases'' reported the following: "In [[Western Europe]], HIV prevalence among community surveys of MSM [men who have sex with men] conducted between 2000 and 2004 ranged from 5% to 18%.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17495592&ordinalpos=7&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Sexually transmitted infections in Western Europe among HIV-positive men who have sex with men., ''Sexually Transmitted Diseases'', 2007 Oct;34(10):783-90]</ref>
According to the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) from 1994 to 1997 the proportion of homosexual men stating they had anal sex increased from 57.6 percent to 61.2 percent.<ref>http://www.frc.org/get.cfm?i=IS01B1</ref> Although homosexual men may practice various sexual practices which may put them at risk, studies report that anal sex may be an important risk factor for the relay of many diseases.<ref>http://www.springerlink.com/content/jx13231641717w48/</ref><ref>http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/qa/qa22.htm</ref><ref>http://www.rsm.ac.uk/media/downloads/std0703brody.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=37809</ref><ref>http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/331/25/1717</ref> For example in 2004, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Robert Kohn, and Charlotte Kent reported in the journal ''Clinical Infectious Diseases'' the following: "[[Proctitis]], or inflammation of the rectum, is a condition that is not uncommon among men who have sex with men (MSM), and, in HIV-negative men, greatly increases the risk of acquiring [[HIV]] infection. With the recent increases in bacterial sexually transmitted diseases ([[STD]]s) among MSM in the [[United States]] and [[Europe]], there has been a concomitant increase in the number of cases of clinical proctitis."<ref>[http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CID/journal/issues/v38n2/30832/30832.html?erFrom=-8997763093503343538Guest Jeffrey D. Klausner, Robert Kohn, and Charlotte Kent, Etiology of Clinical Proctitis among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004;38:300-302]</ref> On March 15, 2004 [[Medscape]] published an article by John G. Bartlett, M.D. entitled ''New Look at "[[Gay Bowel Syndrome]]"'' in which they commented on the aforementioned 2004 journal article ''Etiology of clinical proctitis among men who have sex with men'' published by JD Klausner and C. Kent in the journal ''Clinical Infectious Diseases''. The article in Medscape stated the following:
According to the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) from 1994 to 1997 the proportion of homosexual men stating they had anal sex increased from 57.6 percent to 61.2 percent.<ref>http://www.theroadtoemmaus.org/RdLb/22SxSo/PnSx/HSx/HealthHosx2.htm</ref> Although homosexual men may practice various sexual practices which may put them at risk, studies report that anal sex may be an important risk factor for the relay of many diseases.<ref>http://www.springerlink.com/content/jx13231641717w48/</ref><ref>http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/qa/qa22.htm</ref><ref>http://www.rsm.ac.uk/media/downloads/std0703brody.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=37809</ref><ref>http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/331/25/1717</ref> For example in 2004, Jeffrey D. Klausner, Robert Kohn, and Charlotte Kent reported in the journal ''Clinical Infectious Diseases'' the following: "[[Proctitis]], or inflammation of the rectum, is a condition that is not uncommon among men who have sex with men (MSM), and, in HIV-negative men, greatly increases the risk of acquiring [[HIV]] infection. With the recent increases in bacterial sexually transmitted diseases ([[STD]]s) among MSM in the [[United States]] and [[Europe]], there has been a concomitant increase in the number of cases of clinical proctitis."<ref>[http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CID/journal/issues/v38n2/30832/30832.html?erFrom=-8997763093503343538Guest Jeffrey D. Klausner, Robert Kohn, and Charlotte Kent, Etiology of Clinical Proctitis among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004;38:300-302]</ref> On March 15, 2004 [[Medscape]] published an article by John G. Bartlett, M.D. entitled ''New Look at "[[Gay Bowel Syndrome]]"'' in which they commented on the aforementioned 2004 journal article ''Etiology of clinical proctitis among men who have sex with men'' published by JD Klausner and C. Kent in the journal ''Clinical Infectious Diseases''. The article in Medscape stated the following:
{{cquote|There were multiple studies of the newly recognized "[[Gay Bowel Syndrome|gay bowel syndrome]]" in the late 1970s and early 1980s. However, subsequent attention and study has been sparse, in part attributed to reduced frequency thought to reflect changing practices by gay men in response to the [[HIV]] epidemic. This study clearly indicates that it is still an issue, since the cases were studied in 2001-2002. Also, the etiology is about the same as previously, although [[HSV]] is newly recognized as an important component. This finding not only affects management but also has HIV prevention implications. The authors note that two thirds of the participants were HIV negative and that proctitis increases the risk of HIV by up to 9-fold.<ref>http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/470936_4</ref>}}
{{cquote|There were multiple studies of the newly recognized "[[Gay Bowel Syndrome|gay bowel syndrome]]" in the late 1970s and early 1980s. However, subsequent attention and study has been sparse, in part attributed to reduced frequency thought to reflect changing practices by gay men in response to the [[HIV]] epidemic. This study clearly indicates that it is still an issue, since the cases were studied in 2001-2002. Also, the etiology is about the same as previously, although [[HSV]] is newly recognized as an important component. This finding not only affects management but also has HIV prevention implications. The authors note that two thirds of the participants were HIV negative and that proctitis increases the risk of HIV by up to 9-fold.<ref>http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/470936_4</ref>}}