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The following is a list of national leaders ([[Head of state|heads of state]] and/or [[Head of government|heads of government]]) commonly regarded as modern [[dictator]]s. This usage usually carries a pejorative sense and refers to a ruler who:
The following is a list of national leaders ([[Head of state|heads of state]] and/or [[Head of government|heads of government]]) commonly regarded as modern [[dictator]]s. This usage usually carries a pejorative sense and refers to a ruler who:
* is an [[absolute ruler]] of a [[state|sovereign state]]; but without hereditary ascension;
* Rules by decree, via an [[Enabling Act]] or similar laws passed by a legislature allowing him to do so;
* is an [[absolute ruler]] of a [[state|sovereign state]], usually appointed, but without hereditary ascension;
* governs outside the otherwise accepted [[rule of law]];
* governs outside the otherwise accepted [[rule of law]];
* commonly (but not necessarily) gained power through [[fraud]] or a [[coup d'état]], or resorts to them to stay in power;
* commonly (but not necessarily) gaining power through [[fraud]], a [[coup d'état]], resorting to either again to continue in power;
* may develop a [[cult of personality]];
* may develop a [[cult of personality]];
* may be autocratic, oppressive, despotic or tyrannical.
* may be autocratic, oppressive, despotic or tyrannical.