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|The Communist Manifesto

|The Communist Manifesto

|Written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848. It inspired citizens across the world to partake in revolutions against seemingly unjust behavior.It lays the foundation for Marxist thinking, teaching that class struggles are the origin of all progress in society.       

|written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, teaching that class struggles are the origin of all progress in society and urging people to start revolutions to establish communism; Russia did so in 1917, and others since then

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|Sun Yixian

|Sun Yixian

|Also known as Sun Yat-sen, he was the leader of the Kuomintang or nationalist Party that overthrew the Qing Dynasty of China. He also became the first leader of the former Republic of China.

|also known as Sun Yat-sen, he led the Kuomintang or nationalist Party that overthrew the Qing Dynasty of China. He also became the first leader of the former Republic of China.

|European doctrine that held that the authority of kings came from God.

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|Virginia Declaration of Rights

|Virginia Declaration of Rights

|A declaration of rights made by the representatives of the people of Virginia on June 7, 1776 written by George Mason.This later influenced the writting of the Declaration of Independance.

|a declaration of rights adopted in colonial Virginia on June 7, 1776, as written by George Mason; the American Declaration of Independance was based on it

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|[[Utilitarianism]]

|[[utilitarianism]]

|proposed by Englishmen Jeremy Bentham and advocated by John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), this non-Christian concept prefers overall "utility" (overall benefits minus costs) rather than individual justice.  Tossing two people overboard in a lifeboat in order to save the other ten is an example.

|proposed by Englishman Jeremy Bentham and promoted by John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), this non-Christian concept prefers overall "utility" (overall benefits minus costs) rather than individual justice.  Tossing two people overboard in a lifeboat in order to save the other ten is an example.

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|[[John Stuart Mill]]

|[[John Stuart Mill]]

|(1806-1873) British philosopher and last of the English classical economists; proponent of utilitarianism and also advocated the development of labor unions and farm cooperatives, as well as emancipation by women

|(1806-1873) British philosopher who supported utilitarianism and advocated the development of labor unions and farm cooperatives

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|[[Nationalism]]

|[[nationalism]]

|when loyalty by a people to their nation becomes part of their identity; began in the late 1700s, around the same time as Romanticism, and later led to aggression by Germany and Japan in the 20th century.

|when loyalty by a people to their nation becomes part of their identity; began in the late 1700s, around the same time as Romanticism, and later led to aggression by Germany and Japan in the 20th century

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|[[Realpolitik]]

|[[realpolitik]]

|Concept invented by Otto von Bismarck that emphasized practical politics rather than philosophy

|Concept invented by Otto von Bismarck that emphasized practical politics rather than philosophy

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|[[Laissez-faire]]

|[[laissez-faire]]

|Approach in economics in which transactions between private parties are free from state and government intervention

|approach in economics in which businesses are free from state and government intervention (translated literally, "let to do")

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|Handel

|Handel

|George Frederick Handel was a German composer, resident in England, and noted particularly for his oratorios, including the Messiah

|(1685-1759) a German-born composer noted particularly for his oratorios, including the Messiah; Beethoven thought Handel was the greatest

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|Haydn

|Haydn

|1732--1809, Austrian composer who played a major part in establishing the classical forms of the symphony and the string quartet.

|(1732-1809) Austrian composer who played a major part in establishing the classical forms of the symphony and the string quartet

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|Mozart

|Mozart

|1756--91, Austrian composer. A child prodigy and prolific genius, his works include operas, such as The Marriage of Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787), and The Magic Flute (1791), symphonies, concertos for piano, violin, clarinet, and French horn, string quartets and quintets, sonatas, songs, and Masses, such as the unfinished Requiem (1791).

|(1756-91) an Austrian composer known for his operas, such as The Marriage of Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787), and The Magic Flute (1791), and his unfinished Requiem (1791)

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|[[Nazi]]

|[[Nazi]]

|a member of the National Socialist German Workers' party of Germany, which in 1933, under Adolf Hitler, seized political control of the country, suppressing all opposition and establishing a dictatorship over all cultural, economic, and political activities of the people, and promulgated belief in the supremacy of Hitler as Führer, aggressive anti-Semitism, the natural supremacy of the German people, and the establishment of Germany by superior force as a dominant world power. The party was officially abolished in 1945 at the conclusion of World War II.

|a member of the National Socialist German Workers' party of Germany, which in 1933, under Adolf Hitler, seized political control of the nation, started World War II, believed in a supremacy by the German people, and imposed the Holocaust

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|Gregor Mendel

|classical economics

|Mostly 19th century economics but also including 18th century Adam Smith, arguing for less government restrictions on business

|Mostly 19th century economics but also including 18th century Adam Smith, arguing for less government restriction on society.

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|[[Franco-Prussian War]]

|[[Franco-Prussian War]]

|Corsica

|Corsica

|Became one of the 27 regions of France in 1769. The birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte.

|Became one of the 27 regions of France in 1769. The birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte.

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[[Category:World History lectures]]

[[Category:World History lectures]]