| − | A '''programming language''' is an artificial [[language]] used mainly for giving instructions to computers; a secondary use is for the precise specification of [[algorithm]]s. A group of instructions for a particular purpose is known as a [[computer program]]. | + | A '''programming language''' is an artificial [[language]] used mainly for giving instructions to [[computer]]s; a secondary use is for the precise specification of [[algorithm]]s. A group of instructions for a particular purpose is known as a [[computer program]]. |
| | When compared with human languages (e.g. English, French, Spanish, etc.), programming languages are very much smaller, much simpler, and are also more precise. Most programming languages consist of a mixture of English words and mathematical notation; very few programming languages have a base vocabulary exceeding 60 words, although they may also have utility libraries with hundreds of entries which provide optional extra functionality. | | When compared with human languages (e.g. English, French, Spanish, etc.), programming languages are very much smaller, much simpler, and are also more precise. Most programming languages consist of a mixture of English words and mathematical notation; very few programming languages have a base vocabulary exceeding 60 words, although they may also have utility libraries with hundreds of entries which provide optional extra functionality. |
| − | The act of writing a computer program using a programming language is called [[programming]]. While there are many guidelines, there are no rules which are guaranteed to produce a correct and usable program, so programming is very much an art or skill rather than a science. Furthermore, a programmer must pay meticulous attention to detail: a moderately large program of say 150,000 instructions must be completely free of punctuation errors, grammatical errors, and spelling mistakes, and must also be largely free of logical errors (as a size comparison, a 400-page paperback book contains about 16,000 lines - 1/10th the size). | + | The act of writing a computer program using a programming language is called [[Computer Programming|programming]]. While there are many guidelines, there are no rules which are guaranteed to produce a correct and usable program, so programming is very much an art or skill rather than a science. Furthermore, a programmer must pay meticulous attention to detail: a moderately large program of say 150,000 instructions must be completely free of punctuation errors, grammatical errors, and spelling mistakes, and must also be largely free of logical errors (as a size comparison, a 400-page paperback book contains about 16,000 lines - 1/10th the size). |
| | Various studies have found that programmers with a comparable amount of experience may differ in skill levels by a factor of 10 or more. | | Various studies have found that programmers with a comparable amount of experience may differ in skill levels by a factor of 10 or more. |