ASCII
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ASCII is a method of representing typographical characters in digital form. The acronym stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Each character is assigned a number from 0 to 128 - as well the 26 letters of the English alphabet in upper and lower case, all common punctuation symbols are assigned codes, as well as control characters, such as Delete and Newline.
Because there are 128 separate codes, an ASCII character can be represented by a signed char type in the C programming language.