Istanbul
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Istanbul is located in Turkey and was formerly known as Constantinople.
Constantinople was the magnificent city that served as the capital of the eastern half of the Roman Empire, later the Byzantine Empire. Formerly the city of Byzantium, Constantine renamed it Constantinople (a derived form of "Constantinopolis") in A.D. 330. It was designed to be the Rome of the East, and served that purpose for roughly 1000 years after the fall of Rome itself. It was conquered by the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II in 1453. It served as the capital of the Ottoman Empire until the Empire was destroyed by the First World War.